Renewable energy

Solar site screening on terrain, grid and exclusions

Ouarzazate, Draa-Tafilalet, Moroccosynthetic data, real placeMaps, charts and report
The question

Which candidate sites have gentle south-facing terrain (slope and aspect), stay clear of exclusions, and are near the grid?

A developer uploads candidate solar sites, transmission lines and substations, exclusion zones, met masts, bird surveys, access roads, a terrain model, monthly site irradiance and land parcels, and a screening memo. It wants to know which sites have gentle south-facing slopes, stay clear of exclusions and sit near the grid.

30.9200, -6.9000data covers about 14 by 10 km
12datasets uploaded
11output layers
14maps made
18charts made
36findings
366 sStart run time

Every map and chart this run made is here. 14 map images, 18 charts and the cited report (PDF, Word, Markdown), as exported on 2026-10-22.

Findings (first few)

  • Evidenced: The timeline counts 1,024 dated events in Bird surveys, Dust storms, Site irradiance by month per month, from February 2024 to May 2026 1234.
  • Evidenced: By dataset: Bird surveys 650; Site irradiance by month 360; Dust storms 14 1.
  • Evidenced: The trend is +2.59 events per month; the second half of the months has 823 against 201 in the first (+309.4%) 1.
  • Evidenced: 5 of the 28 months had no events 1.
  • Evidenced: The busiest months were March 2025 (133), April 2025 (115), October 2025 (105) 1.

What Start ran

Describe mode, the local model only (no paid model); run status succeeded, 8 analyst agents.

gp_calculate_densitygp_find_point_clustersgp_hot_spotsgp_nearest_neighbor_indexgp_outliersgp_space_time_hot_spotsgp_summarize_withinrs_zonal_statistics

Maps

Every map image this run exported, with legend, north arrow and scale bar. Select one to view it full size.

Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 2
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 3
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 4
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveysFig. 5
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveysFig. 6
Calculate density: Bird surveys
Calculate density: Bird surveysFig. 7
Find point clusters: Bird surveys
Find point clusters: Bird surveysFig. 8
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 9
Exclusion zones by buffer_m
Exclusion zones by buffer_mFig. 10
Dust storms by pm10_peak
Dust storms by pm10_peakFig. 11
Candidate sites by ghi_kwh_m2_yr
Candidate sites by ghi_kwh_m2_yrFig. 12
Find outliers: Exclusion zones
Find outliers: Exclusion zonesFig. 13
Find outliers: Dust storms
Find outliers: Dust stormsFig. 14
Find outliers: Candidate sites
Find outliers: Candidate sitesFig. 15

Charts

Every chart image this run exported.

Met masts over time (installed_year)
Met masts over time (installed_year)Fig. 16
Dust storms over time (date)
Dust storms over time (date)Fig. 17
Site irradiance by month over time (month)
Site irradiance by month over time (month)Fig. 18
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 19
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 20
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Summarize within: Exclusion zonesFig. 21
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveysFig. 22
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveysFig. 23
Calculate density: Bird surveys
Calculate density: Bird surveysFig. 24
Find point clusters: Bird surveys
Find point clusters: Bird surveysFig. 25
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 26
Find outliers: Exclusion zones
Find outliers: Exclusion zonesFig. 27
Find outliers: Dust storms
Find outliers: Dust stormsFig. 28
Find outliers: Candidate sites
Find outliers: Candidate sitesFig. 29
Find outliers: Dust storms over time
Find outliers: Dust storms over timeFig. 30
Find point clusters: Bird surveys over time
Find point clusters: Bird surveys over timeFig. 31
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over time
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over timeFig. 32
Timeline: events per month by dataset
Timeline: events per month by datasetFig. 1

The cited report

Sample: Renewable energy, Ouarzazate: report

Project: Sample: Renewable energy, Ouarzazate
Goal: Describe the project Sample: Renewable energy, Ouarzazate: run the analyses that tell the most about its data, draw every result, and write a cited report.
Run: 895bf965-1c68-4de6-be27-d405f321db83 (running, 11 agent run(s))
Generated: 2026-10-18T05:22:03Z, version 1
Model cost: USD 0.0000 over 0 model call(s)

Data used

DataKindRowsTime spanSummarySource
Transmission linesvector, LineString22 line features; 'voltage_kv' 60 to 225 (mean 142.5); 'spare_capacity_mw' 35 to 180 (mean 107.5); total length 18.77 km; extent -6.9733,30.8748 to -6.8270,30.9182. Lines (Transmission lines) such as routes or networks.76
Substationsvector, Point55 point features; 'voltage_kv' 60 to 225 (mean 93); 'spare_capacity_mw' 21 to 152 (mean 107.4); named by 'name' (e.g. Plateau 225 kV substation, East 60 kV substation, South 60 kV substation); extent -6.9659,30.8775 to -6.8414,30.9250. Point locations of Substations.77
Exclusion zonesvector, Polygon88 polygon (area) features; 'buffer_m' 100 to 250 (mean 156.2); named by 'reason' (e.g. Wadi flood zone north, Wadi flood zone south, Village and buffer); total area 44.58 km2; extent -6.9737,30.8811 to -6.8264,30.9624. Areas (Exclusion zones) with buffer_m to compare and map.78
Candidate sitesvector, Polygon3030 polygon (area) features; 'owner' has 3 values (top: state 13, communal 9, private 8); 'ghi_kwh_m2_yr' 2,256 to 2,432 (mean 2333); 'area_ha' 46.6 to 122.9 (mean 76.6); 'grid_km' 0 to 4.4 (mean 1.907); named by 'name' (e.g. Site S01, Site S02, Site S03); total area 22.98 km2; extent -6.9638,30.8781 to -6.8324,30.9643. Areas (Candidate sites) with ghi_kwh_m2_yr to compare and map.79
Met mastsvector, Point44 point features; 'height_m' 80 to 80 (mean 80); 'installed_year' 2,024 to 2,024 (mean 2024); named by 'name' (e.g. Met mast 1, Met mast 2, Met mast 3); extent -6.9434,30.8923 to -6.8640,30.9432. Point locations of Met masts.80
Bird surveysvector, Point6502025-03-01 to 2026-05-31650 point features; dated by 'observed_at' from 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-31; 'species' has 5 values (top: lanner falcon 140, houbara bustard 137, booted eagle 129); 'count' 1 to 9 (mean 2.923); 'flight_height_m' 4 to 553 (mean 56.87); extent -6.9724,30.8746 to -6.8270,30.9658. Dated point events by species: where and when Bird surveys happen.2
Dust stormsvector, Polygon142024-02-01 to 2025-06-2814 polygon (area) features; dated by 'date' from 2024-02-01 to 2025-06-28; 'pm10_peak' 524 to 1,684 (mean 989.1); 'visibility_m' 726 to 2,922 (mean 1712); total area 246.4 km2; extent -6.9742,30.8738 to -6.8259,30.9658. Areas (Dust storms) with pm10_peak to compare and map.3
Access roadsvector, LineString1111 line features; 'surface' has 2 values (top: track 10, paved 1); total length 57.28 km; extent -6.9740,30.8791 to -6.8277,30.9572. Lines (Access roads) such as routes or networks.81
Plateau terrain model (DEM)raster1-band float32 raster (dem), 467 x 333 cells; resolution 30; band 1 1056 to 1409; extent -6.9742,30.8738 to -6.8257,30.9663. An elevation surface for terrain analysis.82
Site irradiance by monthtable3602025-01-01 to 2025-12-01Table of 360 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'ghi_kwh_m2_day' 4.61 to 8.31 (mean 6.397); 'soiling_loss_pct' 0 to 9.3 (mean 3.562). A table of Site irradiance by month without locations.4
Land status of sitestable30Table of 30 rows and 4 columns without geometry; 'owner_type' has 3 values (top: private 14, state 12, communal 4); 'lease_status' has 4 values (top: available 12, negotiating 10, disputed 4); 'price_mad_ha_yr' 5,575 to 18,710 (mean 9426). A table of Land status of sites without locations.83
Site screening memodocument1-page md document 'Site screening memo'; language en; mentions 9 place(s): Site S01 (1), Site S13 (1), Site S16 (1), Plateau 225 kV substation (1), Bird corridor (1). A document about Site S01, Site S13, Site S16.84
Sample: Renewable energy, Ouarzazaterecord85
Summarize within: Exclusion zoneslayer, Polygon886
Summarize within: Exclusion zoneslayer, Polygon887
Summarize within: Exclusion zoneslayer, Polygon888
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveyslayer, Polygon15689
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveyslayer, Point65090
Calculate density: Bird surveyslayer, Polygon69991
Find point clusters: Bird surveyslayer, Point65092
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon193
Find outliers: Exclusion zoneslayer, Polygon894
Find outliers: Dust stormslayer, Polygon1495
Find outliers: Candidate siteslayer, Polygon3096

Timeline

Timeline: events per month by dataset
Figure 1. Timeline: events per month by dataset 1. Per month, 2024-02-01 to 2026-05-01. Source: Bird surveys, Dust storms, Site irradiance by month (1,024 features). The data is in the appendix.

The timeline counts 1,024 dated events in Bird surveys, Dust storms, Site irradiance by month per month, from February 2024 to May 2026 1234. By dataset: Bird surveys 650; Site irradiance by month 360; Dust storms 14 1. The trend is +2.59 events per month; the second half of the months has 823 against 201 in the first (+309.4%) 1. 5 of the 28 months had no events 1.

Busiest months

  • March 2025: 133 events 1
  • April 2025: 115 events 1
  • October 2025: 105 events 1

Quietest months with events

  • February 2024: 1 event 1
  • March 2024: 1 event 1
  • May 2024: 1 event 1

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 5. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 5.

Why it was run on this data. Count Met masts inside each feature of Exclusion zones; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 6.

What it found. Summarize within on Met masts, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 789. It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 3; billing, cost 0.01024; billing, list price 0.01024; billing, upstream cost 0 7.

ResultValue
result, count8
result, elapsed ms3
billing, cost0.01024
billing, list price0.01024
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Met masts, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 789.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 3; billing, cost 0.01024; billing, list price 0.01024; billing, upstream cost 0 7.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [], "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Met masts (46ca6de8)"}, "polygons": {"layer": "Exclusion zones (f76641f5)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 5. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 5.

Why it was run on this data. Count Met masts inside each feature of Exclusion zones; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 6.

What it found. Summarize within on Substations, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 91011. It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 3; billing, cost 0.01028; billing, list price 0.01028; billing, upstream cost 0 10.

ResultValue
result, count8
result, elapsed ms3
billing, cost0.01028
billing, list price0.01028
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Substations, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 91011.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 3; billing, cost 0.01028; billing, list price 0.01028; billing, upstream cost 0 10.

A model draft was discarded because a sentence did not cite a source of this section.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "voltage_kv"}], "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Substations (9024da37)"}, "polygons": {"layer": "Exclusion zones (f76641f5)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 5. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 5.

Why it was run on this data. Count Met masts inside each feature of Exclusion zones; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 6.

What it found. Summarize within on Bird surveys, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 91213. It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 5; billing, cost 0.02318; billing, list price 0.02318; billing, upstream cost 0 12.

ResultValue
result, count8
result, elapsed ms5
billing, cost0.02318
billing, list price0.02318
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Bird surveys, Exclusion zones: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features) 91213.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 5; billing, cost 0.02318; billing, list price 0.02318; billing, upstream cost 0 12.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "count"}], "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}, "group_by": "species", "polygons": {"layer": "Exclusion zones (f76641f5)"}}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 14. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 14.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Plateau terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Exclusion zones 15.

What it found. The zonal statistics analysis was performed using the tool rs_zonal_statistics 16. The tool summary indicated that Zonal statistics produced 8 row(s) 16. Additionally, the process analyzed 8 zones 16.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 8 row(s) 16.
  • Evidenced: zones 8 16.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Exclusion zones (f76641f5)", "raster_id": "Plateau terrain model (DEM) (918994c5)"}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 14. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 14.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Plateau terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Exclusion zones 15.

What it found. The tool rs_zonal_statistics processed 14 row(s) 17. This tool involved 14 zones 17.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 14 row(s) 17.
  • Evidenced: zones 14 17.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Dust storms (aeb5849f)", "raster_id": "Plateau terrain model (DEM) (918994c5)"}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 14. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 14.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Plateau terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Exclusion zones 15.

What it found. The Zonal statistics analysis used the tool rs_zonal_statistics 18. The resulting data structure contains 30 row(s) spanning 30 zones 18.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 30 row(s) 18.
  • Evidenced: zones 30 18.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Candidate sites (d70250d1)", "raster_id": "Plateau terrain model (DEM) (918994c5)"}

Space time hot spots

What this analysis is. Emerging hot spots: Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time 19. In ArcGIS it is Emerging Hot Spot Analysis or Create Space Time Cube 19.

Why it was run on this data. Bird surveys carry dates in 'observed_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month 20.

What it found. Space time hot spots on Bird surveys: Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys (156 features) 1321. It reported result, count 156; result, elapsed ms 22; result, resolution 8; result, features used 650; result, time neighbors 0; billing, cost 0.1325 21.

ResultValue
result, count156
result, elapsed ms22
result, resolution8
result, features used650
result, time neighbors0
billing, cost0.1325
billing, list price0.1325
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Space time hot spots on Bird surveys: Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys (156 features) 1321.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 156; result, elapsed ms 22; result, resolution 8; result, features used 650; result, time neighbors 0; billing, cost 0.1325 21.

A model draft was discarded because a sentence did not cite a source of this section.

Tool gp_space_time_hot_spots; parameters {"agg": "sum", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}, "interval": "month", "bin_shape": "h3", "resolution": 8, "time_field": "observed_at", "value_field": "count"}

Hot spots

What this analysis is. Hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins 22. In ArcGIS it is Find Hot Spots or Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*); in QGIS, qgis:hotspot (plugin) 22.

Why it was run on this data. 650 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Bird surveys are statistically significant 23.

What it found. The hot spot analysis utilized the Bird surveys layer 13 and resulted in 650 features [

ResultValue
result, count650
result, elapsed ms13
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m1,000
billing, cost0.063
billing, list price0.063
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Hot spots on Bird surveys: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys (650 features) 1324.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 650; result, elapsed ms 13; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 1,000; billing, cost 0.063; billing, list price 0.063 24.

Tool gp_hot_spots; parameters {"field": "count", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon", "cell_size_m": 1000.0, "distance_band_m": 1000.0}

Calculate density

What this analysis is. Calculate density: Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid 25. In ArcGIS it is Calculate Density or Kernel Density; in QGIS, native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation 25.

Why it was run on this data. 650 points in Bird surveys: a density surface shows where they concentrate 26.

What it found. The density calculation tool was run on the Bird surveys layer 27, yielding 699 features 27. The resulting density data showed a maximum of 194.2 per km² 27. Key parameters for the calculation included a bandwidth of 1,000 m and a cell size of 500 m 27. The cost associated with this operation was 0.063 27.

ResultValue
result, count699
result, elapsed ms21
result, bandwidth m1,000
result, cell size m500
result, excluded null0
result, max density per km2194.2
billing, cost0.063
billing, list price0.063
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Calculate density on Bird surveys: Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Bird surveys (699 features) 1327.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 699; result, elapsed ms 21; result, bandwidth m 1,000; result, cell size m 500; result, excluded null 0; result, max density per km2 194.2 27.

Tool gp_calculate_density; parameters {"kernel": "quartic", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}, "bandwidth_m": 1000.0, "cell_size_m": 500.0, "weight_field": "count"}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 28. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 28.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Bird surveys and separates noise 29.

What it found. Find point clusters on Bird surveys: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Bird surveys (650 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 1330. It reported result, count 650; result, noise 261; result, distance m 500; result, elapsed ms 11; result, min points 16; billing, cost 0.063 30.

ResultValue
result, count650
result, noise261
result, distance m500
result, elapsed ms11
result, min points16
billing, cost0.063
billing, list price0.063
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Bird surveys: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Bird surveys (650 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 1330.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 650; result, noise 261; result, distance m 500; result, elapsed ms 11; result, min points 16; billing, cost 0.063 30.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}, "distance_m": 500.0, "min_points": 16}

Nearest neighbor index

What this analysis is. Average nearest neighbor: Clark-Evans ratio: clustered, dispersed or random 31. In ArcGIS it is Average Nearest Neighbor; in QGIS, native:nearestneighbouranalysis 31.

Why it was run on this data. The average nearest neighbor ratio says whether Substations are clustered, random or dispersed 32.

What it found. Nearest neighbor index on Substations: Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output 1133. It reported result, n 5; result, p value 0; result, z score 8.856; result, elapsed ms 0; result, study area m2 30,876,054; result, nearest neighbor ratio 3.07 33.

ResultValue
result, n5
result, p value0
result, z score8.856
result, elapsed ms0
result, study area m230,876,054
result, nearest neighbor ratio3.07
result, expected mean distance m1,242
result, observed mean distance m3,815
billing, cost0.02
billing, list price0.02
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Nearest neighbor index on Substations: Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output 1133.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, n 5; result, p value 0; result, z score 8.856; result, elapsed ms 0; result, study area m2 30,876,054; result, nearest neighbor ratio 3.07 33.

Tool gp_nearest_neighbor_index; parameters {"project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Substations (9024da37)"}}

Nearest neighbor index

What this analysis is. Average nearest neighbor: Clark-Evans ratio: clustered, dispersed or random 31. In ArcGIS it is Average Nearest Neighbor; in QGIS, native:nearestneighbouranalysis 31.

Why it was run on this data. The average nearest neighbor ratio says whether Bird surveys are clustered, random or dispersed 34.

What it found. Nearest neighbor index on Bird surveys: Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output 1335. It reported result, n 650; result, p value 0; result, z score -9.837; result, elapsed ms 3; result, study area m2 134,387,893; result, nearest neighbor ratio 0.7983 35.

ResultValue
result, n650
result, p value0
result, z score-9.837
result, elapsed ms3
result, study area m2134,387,893
result, nearest neighbor ratio0.7983
result, expected mean distance m227.3
result, observed mean distance m181.5
billing, cost0.02
billing, list price0.02
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Nearest neighbor index on Bird surveys: Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output 1335.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, n 650; result, p value 0; result, z score -9.837; result, elapsed ms 3; result, study area m2 134,387,893; result, nearest neighbor ratio 0.7983 35.

Tool gp_nearest_neighbor_index; parameters {"project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Bird surveys (a5b49489)"}}

Outliers

What this analysis is. Find outliers: Anselin local Moran’s I: HH, LL clusters and HL, LH outliers 36. In ArcGIS it is Find Outliers or Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) 36.

Why it was run on this data. Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'buffer_m' 37.

What it found. The gp_outliers tool identified outliers and processed the Exclusion zones [38, 9]. The execution found 1 layer saved and reported a total count of 8 results 38.

ResultValue
result, count8
result, elapsed ms10
result, permutations199
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m4,662
billing, cost0.05024
billing, list price0.05024
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Outliers on Exclusion zones: Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Exclusion zones (8 features) 938.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 8; result, elapsed ms 10; result, permutations 199; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 4,662; billing, cost 0.05024 38.

Tool gp_outliers; parameters {"field": "buffer_m", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Exclusion zones (f76641f5)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon"}

Outliers

What this analysis is. Find outliers: Anselin local Moran’s I: HH, LL clusters and HL, LH outliers 36. In ArcGIS it is Find Outliers or Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) 36.

Why it was run on this data. Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'pm10_peak' 39.

What it found. The analysis utilized the gp_outliers tool 40 on the Dust storms layer 41. The function identified a count of 14 results 40, and the entire operation took 5 ms to complete 40. Billing details indicated a list price of 0.05042 40 for processing the 14 features 40.

ResultValue
result, count14
result, elapsed ms5
result, permutations199
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m4,561
billing, cost0.05042
billing, list price0.05042
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Outliers on Dust storms: Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Dust storms (14 features) 4041.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 14; result, elapsed ms 5; result, permutations 199; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 4,561; billing, cost 0.05042 40.

Tool gp_outliers; parameters {"field": "pm10_peak", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Dust storms (aeb5849f)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon"}

Outliers

What this analysis is. Find outliers: Anselin local Moran’s I: HH, LL clusters and HL, LH outliers 36. In ArcGIS it is Find Outliers or Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I) 36.

Why it was run on this data. Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'ghi_kwh_m2_yr' 42.

What it found. Outliers on Candidate sites: Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Candidate sites (30 features) 4344. It reported result, count 30; result, elapsed ms 8; result, permutations 199; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 3,255; billing, cost 0.0509 43.

ResultValue
result, count30
result, elapsed ms8
result, permutations199
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m3,255
billing, cost0.0509
billing, list price0.0509
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Outliers on Candidate sites: Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Candidate sites (30 features) 4344.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 30; result, elapsed ms 8; result, permutations 199; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 3,255; billing, cost 0.0509 43.

Tool gp_outliers; parameters {"field": "ghi_kwh_m2_yr", "project": "8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07", "features": {"layer": "Candidate sites (d70250d1)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon"}

Maps and charts

The run also made 14 map image(s) 4546474849505152535455565758 and 17 chart(s) 5960616263646566676869707172737475.

Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 2. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 45
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 3. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 46
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 4. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 47
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys
Figure 5. Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys 48
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys
Figure 6. Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys 49
Calculate density: Bird surveys
Figure 7. Calculate density: Bird surveys 50
Find point clusters: Bird surveys
Figure 8. Find point clusters: Bird surveys 51
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 9. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 52
Exclusion zones by buffer_m
Figure 10. Exclusion zones by buffer_m 53
Dust storms by pm10_peak
Figure 11. Dust storms by pm10_peak 54
Candidate sites by ghi_kwh_m2_yr
Figure 12. Candidate sites by ghi_kwh_m2_yr 55
Find outliers: Exclusion zones
Figure 13. Find outliers: Exclusion zones 56
Find outliers: Dust storms
Figure 14. Find outliers: Dust storms 57
Find outliers: Candidate sites
Figure 15. Find outliers: Candidate sites 58

What the map shows. The map displays the summarized count of "Exclusion zones" within the area, using 0 to 1 as indicated in the legend. High counts, represented by darker orange, are clustered in several prominent, sinuous bands running horizontally across the mapped view. Additionally, distinct areas of high counts are visible as larger, circular patches that are scattered across 46

Inferred: read from the image by gemma4:e4b, not evidence.

Met masts over time (installed_year)
Figure 16. Met masts over time (installed_year) 59. Source: Met masts (4 features). The data is in the appendix.
Dust storms over time (date)
Figure 17. Dust storms over time (date) 60. Per month, 2024-02-01 to 2025-06-01. Source: Dust storms (14 features). The data is in the appendix.
Site irradiance by month over time (month)
Figure 18. Site irradiance by month over time (month) 61. Per week, 2024-12-30 to 2025-12-01. Source: Site irradiance by month (360 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 19. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 62. Source: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 20. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 63. Source: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Exclusion zones
Figure 21. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 64. Source: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). The data is in the appendix.
Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys
Figure 22. Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys 65. Source: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys (156 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys
Figure 23. Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys 66. Period: 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-31 (observed_at). Source: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys (650 features). The data is in the appendix.
Calculate density: Bird surveys
Figure 24. Calculate density: Bird surveys 67. Source: Calculate density: Bird surveys (699 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Bird surveys
Figure 25. Find point clusters: Bird surveys 68. Period: 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-31 (observed_at). Source: Find point clusters: Bird surveys (650 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 26. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 69. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find outliers: Exclusion zones
Figure 27. Find outliers: Exclusion zones 70. Source: Find outliers: Exclusion zones (8 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find outliers: Dust storms
Figure 28. Find outliers: Dust storms 71. Period: 2024-02-01 to 2025-06-28 (date). Source: Find outliers: Dust storms (14 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find outliers: Candidate sites
Figure 29. Find outliers: Candidate sites 72. Source: Find outliers: Candidate sites (30 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find outliers: Dust storms over time
Figure 30. Find outliers: Dust storms over time 73. Per month, 2024-02-01 to 2025-06-01. Source: Find outliers: Dust storms (14 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Bird surveys over time
Figure 31. Find point clusters: Bird surveys over time 74. Per month, 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-01. Source: Find point clusters: Bird surveys (650 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over time
Figure 32. Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over time 75. Per month, 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-01. Source: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys (650 features). The data is in the appendix.

Changes since the last run

This is the first report of this project.

Sources

  1. 1Rendering: Chart: Timeline: events per month by dataset. 84 rows id 241ff431-2463-4d2b-9969-bfa5a0f6ce84
  2. 2Dataset: Bird surveys. vector, 650 rows id 7a5a9074-3838-427a-8c24-d286446838ad
  3. 3Dataset: Dust storms. vector, 14 rows id 8ead6725-8b61-44df-a3b4-cdb7f223347a
  4. 4Dataset: Site irradiance by month. table, 360 rows id c78442cd-f73b-403e-8ff1-86fb1c7bc591
  5. 5Catalog: Summarize within (operation catalog, gp_summarize_within). Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons. ArcGIS: Summarize Within, Aggregate Points. QGIS: native:countpointsinpolygon, native:sumlinelengths. id gp_summarize_within
  6. 6Plan: Met masts per feature of Exclusion zones (the Start plan's candidate c_41c08b6712ff). Count Met masts inside each feature of Exclusion zones; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors). id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_41c08b6712ff
  7. 7Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 0. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). id 94fd8ddf-f2f8-40c7-9baa-40dbb152522d:0
  8. 8Layer: Met masts. 4 features id 46ca6de8-1f52-4cae-8a9c-aa89cdfb58ed
  9. 9Layer: Exclusion zones. 8 features id f76641f5-146c-4958-8885-d9250aa67fc6
  10. 10Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 1. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). id 94fd8ddf-f2f8-40c7-9baa-40dbb152522d:1
  11. 11Layer: Substations. 5 features id 9024da37-5b4c-4500-b90a-7838a0cefe33
  12. 12Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 2. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Exclusion zones (8 features). id 94fd8ddf-f2f8-40c7-9baa-40dbb152522d:2
  13. 13Layer: Bird surveys. 650 features id a5b49489-c432-4eb3-aa5e-37524f1a4db9
  14. 14Catalog: Zonal statistics (analysis catalog, rs_zonal_statistics). count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON. ArcGIS: Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons). id rs_zonal_statistics
  15. 15Plan: Zonal statistics of Plateau terrain model (DEM) and Exclusion zones (the Start plan's candidate c_66d31df1c394). Statistics of Plateau terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Exclusion zones. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_66d31df1c394
  16. 16Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 0. Zonal statistics: 8 row(s). zones 8. id f33d2406-6d8e-4b9d-ac3e-7cda4a6fb94a:0
  17. 17Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 1. Zonal statistics: 14 row(s). zones 14. id f33d2406-6d8e-4b9d-ac3e-7cda4a6fb94a:1
  18. 18Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 2. Zonal statistics: 30 row(s). zones 30. id f33d2406-6d8e-4b9d-ac3e-7cda4a6fb94a:2
  19. 19Catalog: Emerging hot spots (operation catalog, gp_space_time_hot_spots). Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time. ArcGIS: Emerging Hot Spot Analysis, Create Space Time Cube. id gp_space_time_hot_spots
  20. 20Plan: Space time hot spots of Bird surveys (the Start plan's candidate c_0a376e0f7bee). Bird surveys carry dates in 'observed_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_0a376e0f7bee
  21. 21Tool result: gp_space_time_hot_spots, step 0. Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys (156 features). id 57aa9228-065c-4727-b2e2-360559185796:0
  22. 22Catalog: Hot spot analysis (operation catalog, gp_hot_spots). Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins. ArcGIS: Find Hot Spots, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*). QGIS: qgis:hotspot (plugin). id gp_hot_spots
  23. 23Plan: Hot spots of Bird surveys (the Start plan's candidate c_c119c8fa5c0a). 650 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Bird surveys are statistically significant. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_c119c8fa5c0a
  24. 24Tool result: gp_hot_spots, step 0. Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys (650 features). id 1a6fb48c-a16d-4ea8-b7b2-c8198bec40da:0
  25. 25Catalog: Calculate density (operation catalog, gp_calculate_density). Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid. ArcGIS: Calculate Density, Kernel Density. QGIS: native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation. id gp_calculate_density
  26. 26Plan: Kernel density of Bird surveys (the Start plan's candidate c_d8957b1a8e52). 650 points in Bird surveys: a density surface shows where they concentrate. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_d8957b1a8e52
  27. 27Tool result: gp_calculate_density, step 0. Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Bird surveys (699 features). id 36d3dffd-9398-4987-9589-70b885baa263:0
  28. 28Catalog: Find point clusters (operation catalog, gp_find_point_clusters). Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise. ArcGIS: Find Point Clusters, Density-based Clustering. QGIS: native:dbscanclustering, native:stdbscanclustering. id gp_find_point_clusters
  29. 29Plan: Cluster points of Bird surveys (the Start plan's candidate c_c55469a968f2). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Bird surveys and separates noise. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_c55469a968f2
  30. 30Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 0. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Bird surveys (650 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature). id 739720b8-96fb-4b1d-aada-de004de8b3a1:0
  31. 31Catalog: Average nearest neighbor (operation catalog, gp_nearest_neighbor_index). Clark-Evans ratio: clustered, dispersed or random. ArcGIS: Average Nearest Neighbor. QGIS: native:nearestneighbouranalysis. id gp_nearest_neighbor_index
  32. 32Plan: Nearest neighbor index of Substations (the Start plan's candidate c_dca4b687a126). The average nearest neighbor ratio says whether Substations are clustered, random or dispersed. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_dca4b687a126
  33. 33Tool result: gp_nearest_neighbor_index, step 1. Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output. id 739720b8-96fb-4b1d-aada-de004de8b3a1:1
  34. 34Plan: Nearest neighbor index of Bird surveys (the Start plan's candidate c_de3169143bcf). The average nearest neighbor ratio says whether Bird surveys are clustered, random or dispersed. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_de3169143bcf
  35. 35Tool result: gp_nearest_neighbor_index, step 2. Average nearest neighbor: done; no map output. id 739720b8-96fb-4b1d-aada-de004de8b3a1:2
  36. 36Catalog: Find outliers (operation catalog, gp_outliers). Anselin local Moran’s I: HH, LL clusters and HL, LH outliers. ArcGIS: Find Outliers, Cluster and Outlier Analysis (Anselin Local Moran’s I). id gp_outliers
  37. 37Plan: Local morans i of Exclusion zones (the Start plan's candidate c_dacb1f86eb85). Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'buffer_m'. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_dacb1f86eb85
  38. 38Tool result: gp_outliers, step 0. Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Exclusion zones (8 features). id 7c480adb-51cb-4581-babf-bcb4de29270c:0
  39. 39Plan: Local morans i of Dust storms (the Start plan's candidate c_263cf93eb691). Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'pm10_peak'. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_263cf93eb691
  40. 40Tool result: gp_outliers, step 1. Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Dust storms (14 features). id 7c480adb-51cb-4581-babf-bcb4de29270c:1
  41. 41Layer: Dust storms. 14 features id aeb5849f-590f-4591-8605-6f335d2d6985
  42. 42Plan: Local morans i of Candidate sites (the Start plan's candidate c_d8df894e1c0f). Local Moran's I maps clusters and outliers of 'ghi_kwh_m2_yr'. id 4467f0bd-c718-4e32-858e-fdc23c1206ed:c_d8df894e1c0f
  43. 43Tool result: gp_outliers, step 2. Find outliers: 1 layer saved: Find outliers: Candidate sites (30 features). id 7c480adb-51cb-4581-babf-bcb4de29270c:2
  44. 44Layer: Candidate sites. 30 features id d70250d1-ef9b-4ddd-affc-598a99acfac1
  45. 45Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Exclusion zones id a6518854-804b-4606-8c78-3199b664ea13
  46. 46Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Exclusion zones id b8f965ce-a6f5-4252-b925-2dbd5333312e
  47. 47Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Exclusion zones id 742ea1fc-81db-4b13-b650-6578d5c142d3
  48. 48Rendering: Map: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys id f6e21899-5e59-44b5-ab88-0cf929b7c84a
  49. 49Rendering: Map: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys id e2916412-7427-4ec7-92e5-508880e59378
  50. 50Rendering: Map: Calculate density: Bird surveys id 2f7731ce-3173-4b98-9998-48d6cc94da15
  51. 51Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Bird surveys id fbf99427-4ce6-4f52-85a1-e32846f89b0c
  52. 52Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id 619927ad-be3e-49a4-aa08-fba883794bd1
  53. 53Rendering: Map: Exclusion zones by buffer_m id 8ce2fa47-92bc-4870-bcc6-b08df1d28697
  54. 54Rendering: Map: Dust storms by pm10_peak id 61c52e96-09d1-4502-95f4-8391fe90a3bc
  55. 55Rendering: Map: Candidate sites by ghi_kwh_m2_yr id 51ce9254-115e-470f-b51a-065a90143ec1
  56. 56Rendering: Map: Find outliers: Exclusion zones id 8aa42480-628b-456e-8317-a63ecb0a3405
  57. 57Rendering: Map: Find outliers: Dust storms id 819c4713-4920-4e42-8580-4a2e18d6730f
  58. 58Rendering: Map: Find outliers: Candidate sites id c0057f5e-4079-4e34-9de6-ea0fbb863445
  59. 59Rendering: Chart: Met masts over time (installed_year). 1 rows id e00e30b9-644b-46ca-b655-11a6de9b9737
  60. 60Rendering: Chart: Dust storms over time (date). 17 rows id 6f802689-3e28-49da-ae1e-e7352a53f3df
  61. 61Rendering: Chart: Site irradiance by month over time (month). 49 rows id 1b214c3b-e27f-45d7-b3e9-37007a7bbfe8
  62. 62Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 5 rows id 4cc2f224-b101-495c-a15a-534e73cf325f
  63. 63Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 5 rows id 606dca1a-e6b3-4dad-9d26-a3ad7f095ac1
  64. 64Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 5 rows id d5e79060-d2fb-47a5-9f50-9cb8841d67ab
  65. 65Rendering: Chart: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys. 9 rows id fecf206e-e20a-4599-95cf-bda738a0cfae
  66. 66Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys. 13 rows id f43915bf-27f4-479b-93aa-2d0c28bacc51
  67. 67Rendering: Chart: Calculate density: Bird surveys. 11 rows id 5f555a81-736e-4cef-810b-a5130a1af5c7
  68. 68Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Bird surveys. 2 rows id 6c497926-d4b4-4ef7-91e9-b21976c56e1a
  69. 69Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 rows id 984b2fed-7ac4-4992-977a-54a6579cc974
  70. 70Rendering: Chart: Find outliers: Exclusion zones. 8 rows id 3f91f867-567e-4007-a379-87ff1c2ec1f5
  71. 71Rendering: Chart: Find outliers: Dust storms. 14 rows id e873d7a4-2ae8-4b97-92b4-45515b61c9e7
  72. 72Rendering: Chart: Find outliers: Candidate sites. 30 rows id 78f7a5da-e0e2-4a91-9914-a69b6ea9d7a2
  73. 73Rendering: Chart: Find outliers: Dust storms over time. 17 rows id 4568b65f-edd9-4f11-8d2b-857d4a5222a3
  74. 74Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Bird surveys over time. 90 rows id 62e514e8-affd-48d5-ae06-637bb1e12776
  75. 75Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over time. 90 rows id 3ad09906-2ab7-474e-9978-693d44d049e9
  76. 76Dataset: Transmission lines. vector, 2 rows id 81e40578-e11f-4cb0-864c-1046f98bd22f
  77. 77Dataset: Substations. vector, 5 rows id 72dd1bf3-452e-470d-be4e-83dcb0b85cab
  78. 78Dataset: Exclusion zones. vector, 8 rows id 6cafb793-ef1d-4f2e-bff7-5825f0e576c7
  79. 79Dataset: Candidate sites. vector, 30 rows id e6ff1e61-6ff4-4123-91b0-a52d86d2f216
  80. 80Dataset: Met masts. vector, 4 rows id 091a72d3-dd86-4a99-a88e-e5d49ad70868
  81. 81Dataset: Access roads. vector, 11 rows id 3294b702-ed92-4c49-96ee-c739d04c98f7
  82. 82Dataset: Plateau terrain model (DEM). raster, ? rows id 4f619ad8-009f-4070-940a-dc92f2424eda
  83. 83Dataset: Land status of sites. table, 30 rows id 8d37fb84-9a33-4798-a0da-2027e38ee102
  84. 84Dataset: Site screening memo. document, ? rows id 7f171779-1185-43a2-ac02-a1442e6426c2
  85. 85Record: Sample: Renewable energy, Ouarzazate id 8e181d65-6b3c-4526-9cff-cfc25a7f3e07
  86. 86Layer: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 8 features id c30aa790-7338-4207-a249-4ce0e2af6afe
  87. 87Layer: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 8 features id f3d21de8-7328-4a27-aca4-768ddfaee0c5
  88. 88Layer: Summarize within: Exclusion zones. 8 features id e4d609b6-cd02-4a55-b91b-7453cea46f48
  89. 89Layer: Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys. 156 features id d5d16299-e985-46e4-8b02-95e30d5f391d
  90. 90Layer: Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys. 650 features id 40e70c81-7b21-4bc1-95c1-f82d27de5cb5
  91. 91Layer: Calculate density: Bird surveys. 699 features id ffc41d66-b6e8-4e66-874f-7f196e443401
  92. 92Layer: Find point clusters: Bird surveys. 650 features id 595715b9-59fc-4d3b-9302-d6088eb0b54e
  93. 93Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 features id 9d1168bd-46a8-44f2-9151-b8f90e9969ce
  94. 94Layer: Find outliers: Exclusion zones. 8 features id 51682486-1e75-4431-9877-84e23905da06
  95. 95Layer: Find outliers: Dust storms. 14 features id 30d0b0fa-9659-4bb8-9bc1-dde109be98eb
  96. 96Layer: Find outliers: Candidate sites. 30 features id fdc1035f-c5c6-4b5a-9a27-a2211ccf6ee1
Appendix: the data behind the chartsShow

Figure 1. Timeline: events per month by dataset 1

periodseriesvalue
2024-02-01Bird surveys0
2024-02-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-02-01Dust storms1
2024-03-01Bird surveys0
2024-03-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-03-01Dust storms1
2024-04-01Bird surveys0
2024-04-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-04-01Dust storms0
2024-05-01Bird surveys0
2024-05-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-05-01Dust storms1
2024-06-01Bird surveys0
2024-06-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-06-01Dust storms1
2024-07-01Bird surveys0
2024-07-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-07-01Dust storms0
2024-08-01Bird surveys0
2024-08-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-08-01Dust storms1
2024-09-01Bird surveys0
2024-09-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-09-01Dust storms0
2024-10-01Bird surveys0
2024-10-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-10-01Dust storms1
2024-11-01Bird surveys0
2024-11-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-11-01Dust storms0
2024-12-01Bird surveys0
2024-12-01Site irradiance by month0
2024-12-01Dust storms0
2025-01-01Bird surveys0
2025-01-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-01-01Dust storms0
2025-02-01Bird surveys0
2025-02-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-02-01Dust storms2
2025-03-01Bird surveys103
2025-03-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-03-01Dust storms0
2025-04-01Bird surveys85
2025-04-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-04-01Dust storms0
2025-05-01Bird surveys23
2025-05-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-05-01Dust storms3
2025-06-01Bird surveys24
2025-06-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-06-01Dust storms3
2025-07-01Bird surveys22
2025-07-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-07-01Dust storms0
2025-08-01Bird surveys22
2025-08-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-08-01Dust storms0
2025-09-01Bird surveys63
2025-09-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-09-01Dust storms0
2025-10-01Bird surveys75
2025-10-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-10-01Dust storms0
2025-11-01Bird surveys20
2025-11-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-11-01Dust storms0
2025-12-01Bird surveys19
2025-12-01Site irradiance by month30
2025-12-01Dust storms0
2026-01-01Bird surveys15
2026-01-01Site irradiance by month0
2026-01-01Dust storms0
2026-02-01Bird surveys15
2026-02-01Site irradiance by month0
2026-02-01Dust storms0
2026-03-01Bird surveys69
2026-03-01Site irradiance by month0
2026-03-01Dust storms0
2026-04-01Bird surveys80
2026-04-01Site irradiance by month0
2026-04-01Dust storms0
2026-05-01Bird surveys15
2026-05-01Site irradiance by month0
2026-05-01Dust storms0

Figure 16. Met masts over time (installed_year) 59

bin_startbin_endcount
80804

Figure 17. Dust storms over time (date) 60

periodvalue
2024-02-011
2024-03-011
2024-04-010
2024-05-011
2024-06-011
2024-07-010
2024-08-011
2024-09-010
2024-10-011
2024-11-010
2024-12-010
2025-01-010
2025-02-012
2025-03-010
2025-04-010
2025-05-013
2025-06-013

Figure 18. Site irradiance by month over time (month) 61

periodvalue
2024-12-3030
2025-01-060
2025-01-130
2025-01-200
2025-01-2730
2025-02-030
2025-02-100
2025-02-170
2025-02-2430
2025-03-030
2025-03-100
2025-03-170
2025-03-240
2025-03-3130
2025-04-070
2025-04-140
2025-04-210
2025-04-2830
2025-05-050
2025-05-120
2025-05-190
2025-05-2630
2025-06-020
2025-06-090
2025-06-160
2025-06-230
2025-06-3030
2025-07-070
2025-07-140
2025-07-210
2025-07-2830
2025-08-040
2025-08-110
2025-08-180
2025-08-250
2025-09-0130
2025-09-080
2025-09-150
2025-09-220
2025-09-2930
2025-10-060
2025-10-130
2025-10-200
2025-10-2730
2025-11-030
2025-11-100
2025-11-170
2025-11-240
2025-12-0130

Figure 19. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 62

bin_startbin_endcount
00.27
0.20.40
0.40.60
0.60.80
0.811

Figure 20. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 63

bin_startbin_endcount
00.27
0.20.40
0.40.60
0.60.80
0.811

Figure 21. Summarize within: Exclusion zones 64

bin_startbin_endcount
1767
761510
1512260
2263010
3013761

Figure 22. Emerging hot spots: Bird surveys 65

bin_startbin_endcount
-0.587-0.4234113
-0.4234-0.25998
-0.2599-0.096330
-0.096330.067227
0.067220.23080
0.23080.394319
0.39430.55790
0.55790.72147
0.72140.8852

Figure 23. Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys 66

bin_startbin_endbandband_labelcount
-2.5-2cold_95Cold spot, 95% confidence5
-2-1.5cold_90Cold spot, 90% confidence12
-2-1.5not_significantNot significant3
-1.5-1not_significantNot significant41
-1-0.5not_significantNot significant73
-0.50not_significantNot significant129
00.5not_significantNot significant191
0.51not_significantNot significant141
11.5not_significantNot significant32
1.52hot_90Hot spot, 90% confidence6
1.52not_significantNot significant9
22.5hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence4
2.53hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence4

Figure 24. Calculate density: Bird surveys 67

bin_startbin_endcount
02.81855
2.8185.63669
5.6368.45570
8.45511.2770
11.2714.0970
14.0916.9145
16.9119.7370
19.7322.5569
22.5525.3669
25.3628.1867
28.183145

Figure 25. Find point clusters: Bird surveys 68

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
03890.598559.8%
Noise2610.401540.2%

Figure 26. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 69

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
011100.0%

Figure 27. Find outliers: Exclusion zones 70

valuelagtype
1.291-0.0861NS
-0.77460.2582NS
1.2910.6025NS
-0.7746-0.7746NS
-0.7746-0.7746NS
-0.77461.291NS
1.2911.291NS
-0.7746-0.7746NS

Figure 28. Find outliers: Dust storms 71

valuelagtype
0.1617-0.2244NS
2.1251.529NS
1.5290.1097NS
-0.346-0.3822NS
-0.4806-0.2691NS
0.7336-0.4016NS
-0.3093-0.3699NS
-0.7681-0.1513NS
0.4736-0.3448NS
-0.7498-0.1231NS
-0.37360.0531NS
-1.423-0.0779NS
-1.389-0.2628NS
0.8162-0.4023NS

Figure 29. Find outliers: Candidate sites 72

valuelagtype
-0.37350.1182NS
-1.2690.0355NS
-0.4788-0.3687NS
-1.3570.1248NS
-0.86520.3426NS
0.3992-0.8257NS
0.4519-0.6826NS
1.6290.1182NS
-0.86520.4958NS
0.38170.3846NS
0.62750.5974NS
1.26-0.5901NS
1.6990.2974NS
-1.1290.192NS
1.7340.4314NS
-0.83010.1744NS
-0.11010.0941NS
-0.6545-0.0498NS
0.0831-0.5165NS
-1.076-0.2576NS
1.593-0.064NS
-0.58420.0363NS
-1.252-0.0242NS
1.646-0.1803NS
-0.7423-0.2084NS
0.5397-0.0135NS
1.0670.7988NS
-0.8125-0.8301NS
-0.233-0.1335NS
-0.47880.0704NS

Figure 30. Find outliers: Dust storms over time 73

periodvalue
2024-02-011
2024-03-011
2024-04-010
2024-05-011
2024-06-011
2024-07-010
2024-08-011
2024-09-010
2024-10-011
2024-11-010
2024-12-010
2025-01-010
2025-02-012
2025-03-010
2025-04-010
2025-05-013
2025-06-013

Figure 31. Find point clusters: Bird surveys over time 74

periodseriesvalue
2025-03-01220
2025-03-01123
2025-03-01317
2025-03-01419
2025-03-01515
2025-03-01Other9
2025-04-01224
2025-04-01125
2025-04-01313
2025-04-0149
2025-04-01510
2025-04-01Other4
2025-05-0127
2025-05-0114
2025-05-0137
2025-05-0142
2025-05-0151
2025-05-01Other2
2025-06-0128
2025-06-0113
2025-06-0135
2025-06-0145
2025-06-0151
2025-06-01Other2
2025-07-0125
2025-07-0113
2025-07-0136
2025-07-0145
2025-07-0151
2025-07-01Other2
2025-08-0125
2025-08-0113
2025-08-0136
2025-08-0143
2025-08-0152
2025-08-01Other3
2025-09-01220
2025-09-01117
2025-09-01314
2025-09-0148
2025-09-0152
2025-09-01Other2
2025-10-01219
2025-10-01122
2025-10-0138
2025-10-01413
2025-10-0156
2025-10-01Other7
2025-11-0122
2025-11-0115
2025-11-0134
2025-11-0144
2025-11-0153
2025-11-01Other2
2025-12-0121
2025-12-0115
2025-12-0134
2025-12-0144
2025-12-0151
2025-12-01Other4
2026-01-0124
2026-01-0112
2026-01-0135
2026-01-0143
2026-01-0151
2026-01-01Other0
2026-02-0123
2026-02-0112
2026-02-0133
2026-02-0144
2026-02-0152
2026-02-01Other1
2026-03-01216
2026-03-01116
2026-03-01312
2026-03-01411
2026-03-0156
2026-03-01Other8
2026-04-01216
2026-04-01119
2026-04-01315
2026-04-01416
2026-04-0156
2026-04-01Other8
2026-05-0125
2026-05-0115
2026-05-0131
2026-05-0141
2026-05-0151
2026-05-01Other2

Figure 32. Hot spot analysis: Bird surveys over time 75

periodseriesvalue
2025-03-01220
2025-03-01123
2025-03-01317
2025-03-01419
2025-03-01515
2025-03-01Other9
2025-04-01224
2025-04-01125
2025-04-01313
2025-04-0149
2025-04-01510
2025-04-01Other4
2025-05-0127
2025-05-0114
2025-05-0137
2025-05-0142
2025-05-0151
2025-05-01Other2
2025-06-0128
2025-06-0113
2025-06-0135
2025-06-0145
2025-06-0151
2025-06-01Other2
2025-07-0125
2025-07-0113
2025-07-0136
2025-07-0145
2025-07-0151
2025-07-01Other2
2025-08-0125
2025-08-0113
2025-08-0136
2025-08-0143
2025-08-0152
2025-08-01Other3
2025-09-01220
2025-09-01117
2025-09-01314
2025-09-0148
2025-09-0152
2025-09-01Other2
2025-10-01219
2025-10-01122
2025-10-0138
2025-10-01413
2025-10-0156
2025-10-01Other7
2025-11-0122
2025-11-0115
2025-11-0134
2025-11-0144
2025-11-0153
2025-11-01Other2
2025-12-0121
2025-12-0115
2025-12-0134
2025-12-0144
2025-12-0151
2025-12-01Other4
2026-01-0124
2026-01-0112
2026-01-0135
2026-01-0143
2026-01-0151
2026-01-01Other0
2026-02-0123
2026-02-0112
2026-02-0133
2026-02-0144
2026-02-0152
2026-02-01Other1
2026-03-01216
2026-03-01116
2026-03-01312
2026-03-01411
2026-03-0156
2026-03-01Other8
2026-04-01216
2026-04-01119
2026-04-01315
2026-04-01416
2026-04-0156
2026-04-01Other8
2026-05-0125
2026-05-0115
2026-05-0131
2026-05-0141
2026-05-0151
2026-05-01Other2

GeoBit Large Spatial Model. Findings are labeled Evidenced (computed by a tool), Inferred (a reading or reasoning) or Unverified (no evidence yet).

The data

The files this sample uploads: synthetic data generated at a real place. Download any of them and add them to a project of your own.

DatasetKindRowsTime spanFile
Transmission lines
Transmission lines.
vector, LineString2transmission_lines.geojson
Substations
Substations.
vector, Point5substations.geojson
Exclusion zones
Areas where no plant may be built.
vector, Polygon8exclusion_zones.geojson
Candidate sites
Candidate solar sites with irradiance, area and distance to the grid.
vector, Polygon30candidate_sites.geojson
Met masts
Meteorological masts measuring irradiance and wind.
vector, Point4met_masts.geojson
Bird surveys
Bird survey observations (migration peaks in spring and autumn). Dated by observed_at (minute).
vector, Point6502025-03-01
to 2026-05-31
bird_surveys.geojson
Dust storms
Dust storm footprints by day. Dated by date (day).
vector, Polygon142024-02-01
to 2025-06-28
dust_storms.geojson
Access roads
The national road and site access tracks.
vector, LineString11access_roads.geojson
Plateau terrain model (DEM)
A 30 m terrain model of the plateau, its wadis and hills (synthetic).
rasterplateau_terrain_dem.tif
Site irradiance by month
Monthly irradiance and soiling per site (joins to Candidate sites on candidate_id). Dated by month (month).
table3602025-01-01
to 2025-12-01
site_irradiance_monthly.csv
Land status of sites
Land ownership and lease status per site (joins to Candidate sites on candidate_id).
table30land_parcels.csv
Site screening memo
A memo naming sites, substations and zones.
documentscreening_memo.md, screening_memo.pdf

What the data was built to show

  • The plateau rises gently to the north (south-facing slopes); the wadis and hills are steep.
  • 7 of the 30 candidate sites overlap exclusion zones; the best sites sit near the 225 kV line.
  • Bird observations cluster in the corridor in spring and autumn.

Expected analysis families: terrain, aggregation, proximity, hot_spots, density.

How the product read each dataset

The profile written when the data was added, before Start; no model call is needed for it.

  • Transmission lines: 2 line features; 'voltage_kv' 60 to 225 (mean 142.5); 'spare_capacity_mw' 35 to 180 (mean 107.5); total length 18.77 km; extent -6.9733,30.8748 to -6.8270,30.9182.
  • Substations: 5 point features; 'voltage_kv' 60 to 225 (mean 93); 'spare_capacity_mw' 21 to 152 (mean 107.4); named by 'name' (e.g. Plateau 225 kV substation, East 60 kV substation, South 60 kV substation); extent -6.9659,30.8775 to -6.8414,30.9250.
  • Exclusion zones: 8 polygon (area) features; 'buffer_m' 100 to 250 (mean 156.2); named by 'reason' (e.g. Wadi flood zone north, Wadi flood zone south, Village and buffer); total area 44.58 km2; extent -6.9737,30.8811 to -6.8264,30.9624.
  • Candidate sites: 30 polygon (area) features; 'owner' has 3 values (top: state 13, communal 9, private 8); 'ghi_kwh_m2_yr' 2,256 to 2,432 (mean 2333); 'area_ha' 46.6 to 122.9 (mean 76.6); 'grid_km' 0 to 4.4 (mean 1.907); named by 'name' (e.g. Site S01, Site S02, Site S03); total area 22.98 km2; extent -6.9638,30.8781 to -6.8324,30.9643.
  • Met masts: 4 point features; 'height_m' 80 to 80 (mean 80); 'installed_year' 2,024 to 2,024 (mean 2024); named by 'name' (e.g. Met mast 1, Met mast 2, Met mast 3); extent -6.9434,30.8923 to -6.8640,30.9432.
  • Bird surveys: 650 point features; dated by 'observed_at' from 2025-03-01 to 2026-05-31; 'species' has 5 values (top: lanner falcon 140, houbara bustard 137, booted eagle 129); 'count' 1 to 9 (mean 2.923); 'flight_height_m' 4 to 553 (mean 56.87); extent -6.9724,30.8746 to -6.8270,30.9658.
  • Dust storms: 14 polygon (area) features; dated by 'date' from 2024-02-01 to 2025-06-28; 'pm10_peak' 524 to 1,684 (mean 989.1); 'visibility_m' 726 to 2,922 (mean 1712); total area 246.4 km2; extent -6.9742,30.8738 to -6.8259,30.9658.
  • Access roads: 11 line features; 'surface' has 2 values (top: track 10, paved 1); total length 57.28 km; extent -6.9740,30.8791 to -6.8277,30.9572.
  • Plateau terrain model (DEM): 1-band float32 raster (dem), 467 x 333 cells; resolution 30; band 1 1056 to 1409; extent -6.9742,30.8738 to -6.8257,30.9663.
  • Site irradiance by month: Table of 360 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'ghi_kwh_m2_day' 4.61 to 8.31 (mean 6.397); 'soiling_loss_pct' 0 to 9.3 (mean 3.562).
  • Land status of sites: Table of 30 rows and 4 columns without geometry; 'owner_type' has 3 values (top: private 14, state 12, communal 4); 'lease_status' has 4 values (top: available 12, negotiating 10, disputed 4); 'price_mad_ha_yr' 5,575 to 18,710 (mean 9426).
  • Site screening memo: 1-page md document 'Site screening memo'; language en; mentions 9 place(s): Site S01 (1), Site S13 (1), Site S16 (1), Plateau 225 kV substation (1), Bird corridor (1).

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