Water resources

River gauges, catchments and flood extent

Chiang Mai, Thailandsynthetic data, real placeMaps, charts and report
The question

Which sub-catchments drain to the flooded areas (watershed), where do flood reports concentrate, and how do river levels rise over time?

A river basin agency uploads river gauges with daily levels, rivers, sub-catchments, mapped flood extents, citizen flood reports, rain gauges, levees, a catchment terrain model, daily gauge readings and a flood bulletin. It wants to know which catchments drain to the flooded areas and how levels rise through the season.

18.7883, 98.9853data covers about 12 by 10 km
11datasets uploaded
14output layers
16maps made
19charts made
39findings
340 sStart run time

Every map and chart this run made is here. 16 map images, 19 charts and the cited report (PDF, Word, Markdown), as exported on 2026-10-22.

Findings (first few)

  • Evidenced: The timeline counts 4,003 dated events in Mapped flood extents, Citizen flood reports, Gauge readings by day and 1 more per month, from January 2024 to December 2025 12345.
  • Evidenced: By dataset: Gauge readings by day 2,740; Citizen flood reports 900; Rainfall by month 360; Mapped flood extents 3 1.
  • Evidenced: The trend is +7.75 events per month; the second half of the months has 2,426 against 1,577 in the first (+53.8%) 1.
  • Evidenced: Change point detection found no shift in the counts 6.
  • Evidenced: The project's documents name 2 dates inside this span, drawn as dotted lines; the most named is 2025-10-06 (Flood bulletin, page 1, 1 mention) 7.

What Start ran

Describe mode, the local model only (no paid model); run status succeeded, 8 analyst agents.

gp_calculate_densitygp_change_point_detectiongp_find_point_clustersgp_hot_spotsgp_near_repeatgp_space_time_hot_spotsgp_summarize_withinrs_zonal_statisticstr_slope

Maps

Every map image this run exported, with legend, north arrow and scale bar. Select one to view it full size.

Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports
Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reportsFig. 2
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reportsFig. 3
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reportsFig. 4
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchmentsFig. 5
Calculate density: Citizen flood reports
Calculate density: Citizen flood reportsFig. 6
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 7
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 8
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 9
Slope (degrees)
Slope (degrees)Fig. 10
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reportsFig. 11
Find point clusters: River gauge stations
Find point clusters: River gauge stationsFig. 12
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 13
Find point clusters: Rain gauges
Find point clusters: Rain gaugesFig. 14
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 15
Sub-catchments by mean_rain_mm
Sub-catchments by mean_rain_mmFig. 16
Mapped flood extents by max_depth_m
Mapped flood extents by max_depth_mFig. 17

Charts

Every chart image this run exported.

Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at)
Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at)Fig. 18
Gauge readings by day over time (date)
Gauge readings by day over time (date)Fig. 19
Rainfall by month over time (month)
Rainfall by month over time (month)Fig. 20
Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports
Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reportsFig. 21
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reportsFig. 22
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reportsFig. 23
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchmentsFig. 24
Calculate density: Citizen flood reports
Calculate density: Citizen flood reportsFig. 25
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 26
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 27
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentsFig. 28
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reportsFig. 29
Find point clusters: River gauge stations
Find point clusters: River gauge stationsFig. 30
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 31
Find point clusters: Rain gauges
Find point clusters: Rain gaugesFig. 32
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 33
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over time
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over timeFig. 34
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over time
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over timeFig. 35
Timeline: events per month by dataset
Timeline: events per month by datasetFig. 1

The cited report

Sample: Water resources, Chiang Mai: report

Project: Sample: Water resources, Chiang Mai
Goal: Describe the project Sample: Water resources, Chiang Mai: run the analyses that tell the most about its data, draw every result, and write a cited report.
Run: d6604a47-a47a-419f-9baf-8c790e459434 (running, 11 agent run(s))
Generated: 2026-10-18T05:15:55Z, version 1
Model cost: USD 0.0000 over 0 model call(s)

Data used

DataKindRowsTime spanSummarySource
River gauge stationsvector, Point1010 point features; 'river' has 2 values (top: Tributary 7, Main river 3); 'bank_full_m' 270.9 to 1543 (mean 839.8); 'catchment_km2' 41 to 850 (mean 525.9); named by 'name' (e.g. Gauge station P.1, Gauge station P.2, Gauge station P.3); extent 98.9498,18.7638 to 99.0158,18.8219. Point locations of River gauge stations by river.82
Riversvector, LineString55 line features; 'order' 2 to 4 (mean 2.4); named by 'name' (e.g. Main river, Tributary 1, Tributary 2); total length 46.51 km; extent 98.9306,18.7431 to 99.0167,18.8335. Lines (Rivers) such as routes or networks.83
Sub-catchmentsvector, Polygon1010 polygon (area) features; 'mean_rain_mm' 1,054 to 1,643 (mean 1410); 'forest_pct' 16 to 77 (mean 44.4); 'area_km2' 5.8 to 19.8 (mean 12); named by 'name' (e.g. Sub-catchment 1, Sub-catchment 2, Sub-catchment 3); total area 120.1 km2; extent 98.9283,18.7431 to 99.0422,18.8335. Areas (Sub-catchments) with mean_rain_mm to compare and map.84
Mapped flood extentsvector, Polygon32024-09-28 to 2025-10-063 polygon (area) features; dated by 'mapped_on' from 2024-09-28 to 2025-10-06; 'max_depth_m' 1.1 to 2.1 (mean 1.6); total area 99.54 km2; extent 98.9659,18.7431 to 99.0328,18.8335. Areas (Mapped flood extents) with max_depth_m to compare and map.2
Citizen flood reportsvector, Point9002024-06-02 to 2025-11-30900 point features; dated by 'reported_at' from 2024-06-02 to 2025-11-30; 'type' has 4 values (top: street flooded 241, rescue 234, house flooded 219); 'verified' has 2 values (top: True 536, False 364); 'water_depth_cm' 3 to 332 (mean 37.65); extent 98.9902,18.7433 to 99.0339,18.8333. Dated point events by type: where and when Citizen flood reports happen.3
Rain gaugesvector, Point1515 point features; 'elevation_m' 301.6 to 1940 (mean 914.3); named by 'name' (e.g. Rain gauge station 1, Rain gauge station 2, Rain gauge station 3); extent 98.9374,18.7503 to 99.0326,18.8271. Point locations of Rain gauges.85
Leveesvector, LineString44 line features; 'condition' has 2 values (top: poor 2, good 2); 'crest_m' 286.7 to 346.4 (mean 307.4); total length 4.802 km; extent 99.0043,18.7529 to 99.0184,18.8152. Lines (Levees) such as routes or networks.86
Catchment terrain model (DEM)raster1-band float32 raster (dem), 400 x 333 cells; resolution 30; band 1 250 to 2062; extent 98.9283,18.7432 to 99.0422,18.8335. An elevation surface for terrain analysis.87
Gauge readings by daytable2,7402024-06-01 to 2025-11-29Table of 2,740 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'date' from 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-29; 'level_m' 266.7 to 1544 (mean 837.8); 'discharge_m3s' 2.4 to 1108 (mean 220.3). A table of Gauge readings by day without locations.4
Rainfall by monthtable3602024-01-01 to 2025-12-01Table of 360 rows and 3 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'rain_mm' 23 to 444 (mean 126.7). A table of Rainfall by month without locations.5
Flood bulletindocument1-page pdf document 'Flood bulletin'; language en; mentions 8 place(s): Main river (2), Gauge station P.1 (2), Gauge station P.2 (1), Gauge (1), Tributary 2 (1). A document about Main river, Gauge station P.1, Gauge station P.2.88
Sample: Water resources, Chiang Mairecord89
Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reportslayer, Polygon5490
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reportslayer, Point90091
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reportslayer, Polygon19292
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchmentslayer, Polygon1093
Calculate density: Citizen flood reportslayer, Polygon1,05894
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentslayer, Polygon1095
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentslayer, Polygon1096
Summarize within: Sub-catchmentslayer, Polygon1097
Slope (degrees)layer098
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reportslayer, Point90099
Find point clusters: River gauge stationslayer, Point10100
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon2101
Find point clusters: Rain gaugeslayer, Point15102
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon1103
Flood bulletindocument104

Timeline

Timeline: events per month by dataset
Figure 1. Timeline: events per month by dataset 1. Per month, 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01. Source: Mapped flood extents, Citizen flood reports, Gauge readings by day, Rainfall by month (4,003 features). Dotted lines mark dates named in the project's documents. The data is in the appendix.

The timeline counts 4,003 dated events in Mapped flood extents, Citizen flood reports, Gauge readings by day and 1 more per month, from January 2024 to December 2025 12345. By dataset: Gauge readings by day 2,740; Citizen flood reports 900; Rainfall by month 360; Mapped flood extents 3 1. The trend is +7.75 events per month; the second half of the months has 2,426 against 1,577 in the first (+53.8%) 1. Change point detection found no shift in the counts 6. The project's documents name 2 dates inside this span, drawn as dotted lines; the most named is 2025-10-06 (Flood bulletin, page 1, 1 mention) 7.

Busiest months

  • October 2025: 438 events 1
  • August 2025: 287 events 1
  • September 2024: 255 events 1

Quietest months

  • January 2024: 15 events 1
  • February 2024: 15 events 1
  • March 2024: 15 events 1

Space time hot spots

What this analysis is. Emerging hot spots: Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time 8. In ArcGIS it is Emerging Hot Spot Analysis or Create Space Time Cube 8.

Why it was run on this data. Citizen flood reports carry dates in 'reported_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month 9.

What it found. The analysis generated 54 features identifying emerging hot spots from the Citizen flood reports 10. This result utilized 900 features and required 0 time neighbors 10. The process achieved a resolution of 8 and completed in 15 milliseconds 10. The associated costs for this operation were 0.145, reflecting that the upstream cost was 0 10.

ResultValue
result, count54
result, elapsed ms15
result, resolution8
result, features used900
result, time neighbors0
billing, cost0.145
billing, list price0.145
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Space time hot spots on Citizen flood reports: Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports (54 features) 1011.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 54; result, elapsed ms 15; result, resolution 8; result, features used 900; result, time neighbors 0; billing, cost 0.145 10.

Tool gp_space_time_hot_spots; parameters {"project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "interval": "month", "bin_shape": "h3", "resolution": 8, "time_field": "reported_at"}

Near repeat

What this analysis is. Repeat and near repeat classification: Classify incidents as originators, repeats (same place) or near repeats within a distance and time window, with a Knox test table 12. In ArcGIS it is Repeat and Near Repeat Classification or Near Repeat Calculator 12.

Why it was run on this data. Near repeat analysis tests whether Citizen flood reports close in space also follow each other within 30 days 13.

What it found. Near repeat on Citizen flood reports: Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports (900 features) 1114. It reported result, days 30; result, count 900; result, chains 136; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 25; result, pairs linked 474 14.

ResultValue
result, days30
result, count900
result, chains136
result, distance m200
result, elapsed ms25
result, pairs linked474
billing, cost0.077
billing, list price0.077
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Near repeat on Citizen flood reports: Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports (900 features) 1114.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, days 30; result, count 900; result, chains 136; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 25; result, pairs linked 474 14.

Tool gp_near_repeat; parameters {"days": 30, "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "distance_m": 200.0, "time_field": "reported_at"}

Change point detection

What this analysis is. Change point detection: When did the level, count, trend or variability change 15? For the whole study area or for every bin 15. In ArcGIS it is Change Point Detection 15.

Why it was run on this data. Change point detection finds when the monthly count of Citizen flood reports shifted 16.

What it found. Change point detection was successfully completed, though no map output was generated for the analysis 6.

ResultValue
result, n changes0
result, elapsed ms4
result, events used900
billing, cost0.077
billing, list price0.077
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Change point detection on Citizen flood reports: Change point detection: done; no map output 611.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, n changes 0; result, elapsed ms 4; result, events used 900; billing, cost 0.077; billing, list price 0.077; billing, upstream cost 0 6.

Tool gp_change_point_detection; parameters {"method": "count", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "interval": "month", "time_field": "reported_at"}

Hot spots

What this analysis is. Hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins 17. In ArcGIS it is Find Hot Spots or Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*); in QGIS, qgis:hotspot (plugin) 17.

Why it was run on this data. 900 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Citizen flood reports are statistically significant 18.

What it found. Hot spot analysis was performed using the Citizen flood reports 11, resulting in the identification of 192 features 19. This analysis, which covered 900 incidents, completed with an elapsed time of 17 milliseconds 19.

ResultValue
result, bins192
result, count192
result, elapsed ms17
result, cell size m500
result, incidents used900
result, distance band m500
billing, cost0.068
billing, list price0.068
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Hot spots on Citizen flood reports: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports (192 features) 1119.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, bins 192; result, count 192; result, elapsed ms 17; result, cell size m 500; result, incidents used 900; result, distance band m 500 19.

Tool gp_hot_spots; parameters {"project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon", "cell_size_m": 500.0, "distance_band_m": 500.0}

Hot spots

What this analysis is. Hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins 17. In ArcGIS it is Find Hot Spots or Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*); in QGIS, qgis:hotspot (plugin) 17.

Why it was run on this data. Gi* hot spots of 'mean_rain_mm' across the areas 20.

What it found. Hot spots on Sub-catchments: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments (10 features) 2122. It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 1; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 3,807; billing, cost 0.0502; billing, list price 0.0502 21.

ResultValue
result, count10
result, elapsed ms1
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m3,807
billing, cost0.0502
billing, list price0.0502
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Hot spots on Sub-catchments: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments (10 features) 2122.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 1; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 3,807; billing, cost 0.0502; billing, list price 0.0502 21.

Tool gp_hot_spots; parameters {"field": "mean_rain_mm", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Sub-catchments (93ab58bf)"}}

Calculate density

What this analysis is. Calculate density: Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid 23. In ArcGIS it is Calculate Density or Kernel Density; in QGIS, native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation 23.

Why it was run on this data. 900 points in Citizen flood reports: a density surface shows where they concentrate 24.

What it found. Using citizen flood reports as the input, density was calculated with the gp_calculate_density tool [11, 25]. This process analyzed 1,058 features 25 and determined a maximum density of 73.99 per km2 25. The total cost associated with the density calculation was 0.068 25.

ResultValue
result, count1,058
result, elapsed ms245
result, bandwidth m500
result, cell size m200
result, excluded null0
result, max density per km273.99
billing, cost0.068
billing, list price0.068
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Calculate density on Citizen flood reports: Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports (1058 features) 1125.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 1,058; result, elapsed ms 245; result, bandwidth m 500; result, cell size m 200; result, excluded null 0; result, max density per km2 73.99 25.

Tool gp_calculate_density; parameters {"kernel": "quartic", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "bandwidth_m": 500.0, "cell_size_m": 200.0}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 26. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 26.

Why it was run on this data. Count Citizen flood reports inside each feature of Sub-catchments by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 27.

What it found. Summarize within on Citizen flood reports, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 112228. It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 2; billing, cost 0.02822; billing, list price 0.02822; billing, upstream cost 0 28.

ResultValue
result, count10
result, elapsed ms2
billing, cost0.02822
billing, list price0.02822
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Citizen flood reports, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 112228.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 2; billing, cost 0.02822; billing, list price 0.02822; billing, upstream cost 0 28.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "water_depth_cm"}], "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "group_by": "type", "polygons": {"layer": "Sub-catchments (93ab58bf)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 26. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 26.

Why it was run on this data. Count Citizen flood reports inside each feature of Sub-catchments by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 27.

What it found. Summarize within on River gauge stations, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 222930. It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.01042; billing, list price 0.01042; billing, upstream cost 0 29.

ResultValue
result, count10
result, elapsed ms0
billing, cost0.01042
billing, list price0.01042
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on River gauge stations, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 222930.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.01042; billing, list price 0.01042; billing, upstream cost 0 29.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "bank_full_m"}], "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "River gauge stations (78d4554f)"}, "group_by": "river", "polygons": {"layer": "Sub-catchments (93ab58bf)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 26. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 26.

Why it was run on this data. Count Citizen flood reports inside each feature of Sub-catchments by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 27.

What it found. Summarize within on Rain gauges, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 223132. It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.01052; billing, list price 0.01052; billing, upstream cost 0 31.

ResultValue
result, count10
result, elapsed ms0
billing, cost0.01052
billing, list price0.01052
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Rain gauges, Sub-catchments: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features) 223132.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 10; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.01052; billing, list price 0.01052; billing, upstream cost 0 31.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "elevation_m"}], "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Rain gauges (3db367dc)"}, "polygons": {"layer": "Sub-catchments (93ab58bf)"}}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 33. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 33.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Catchment terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Sub-catchments 34.

What it found. The analysis utilized the Zonal statistics tool, specifically rs_zonal_statistics 35. The resulting output contained 10 row(s) 35. This statistical breakdown successfully processed 10 zones 35.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 10 row(s) 35.
  • Evidenced: zones 10 35.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Sub-catchments (93ab58bf)", "raster_id": "Catchment terrain model (DEM) (8a54f320)"}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 33. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 33.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Catchment terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Sub-catchments 34.

What it found. The analysis utilized the tool rs_zonal_statistics for zonal statistics 36. Based on the tool summary, the output contained 3 row(s) 36. Additionally, the process processed 3 zones 36.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 3 row(s) 36.
  • Evidenced: zones 3 36.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Mapped flood extents (32d0b09d)", "raster_id": "Catchment terrain model (DEM) (8a54f320)"}

Slope

What this analysis is. Slope: Horn slope in degrees or percent, with the share of ground in six grade classes 37. In ArcGIS it is Slope (Spatial Analyst); in QGIS, Slope (GDAL DEM) 37.

Why it was run on this data. Slope of the Catchment terrain model (DEM) surface 38.

What it found. Slope on Catchment terrain model (DEM): Slope over 119.88 km2: mean 8.48 degrees, max 20.58 degrees; 68% of the ground is steeper than 15% 3940. DEM: Catchment terrain model (DEM) 3940. Verified: 2 checks passed 3940. It reported dem, cols 400; dem, rows 333; dem, cell m 30; dem, relief m 1,812; dem, elev max m 2,062; dem, elev min m 250 39.

ResultValue
dem, cols400
dem, rows333
dem, cell m30
dem, relief m1,812
dem, elev max m2,062
dem, elev min m250
dem, elev mean m882.8
dem, missing frac0
cost, usd0
grid, cols400
grid, rows333
grid, cell m30
stats, max20.58
stats, min0.01
stats, mean8.48
stats, median10.33
stats, steeper than 15pct68.27
rows left out0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Slope on Catchment terrain model (DEM): Slope over 119.88 km2: mean 8.48 degrees, max 20.58 degrees; 68% of the ground is steeper than 15% 3940.
  • Evidenced: DEM: Catchment terrain model (DEM) 3940.
  • Evidenced: Verified: 2 checks passed 3940.
  • Evidenced: It reported dem, cols 400; dem, rows 333; dem, cell m 30; dem, relief m 1,812; dem, elev max m 2,062; dem, elev min m 250 39.

Tool tr_slope; parameters {"dem": {"layer": "Catchment terrain model (DEM) (8a54f320)"}, "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885"}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 41. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 41.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Citizen flood reports and separates noise 42.

What it found. Find point clusters on Citizen flood reports: Find point clusters: 1 layer saved: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports (900 features) 1143. It reported result, count 900; result, noise 900; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 13; result, min points 20; billing, cost 0.068 43.

ResultValue
result, count900
result, noise900
result, distance m200
result, elapsed ms13
result, min points20
billing, cost0.068
billing, list price0.068
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Citizen flood reports: Find point clusters: 1 layer saved: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports (900 features) 1143.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 900; result, noise 900; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 13; result, min points 20; billing, cost 0.068 43.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Citizen flood reports (e21d361b)"}, "distance_m": 200.0, "min_points": 20}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 41. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 41.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of River gauge stations and separates noise 44.

What it found. Find point clusters on River gauge stations: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: River gauge stations (10 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features) 3045. It reported result, count 10; result, noise 3; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 85; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0502 45.

ResultValue
result, count10
result, noise3
result, distance m2,000
result, elapsed ms85
result, min points3
billing, cost0.0502
billing, list price0.0502
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on River gauge stations: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: River gauge stations (10 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features) 3045.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 10; result, noise 3; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 85; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0502 45.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "River gauge stations (78d4554f)"}, "distance_m": 2000.0, "min_points": 3}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 41. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 41.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Rain gauges and separates noise 46.

What it found. Find point clusters on Rain gauges: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Rain gauges (15 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 3247. It reported result, count 15; result, noise 0; result, distance m 5,000; result, elapsed ms 2; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0503 47.

ResultValue
result, count15
result, noise0
result, distance m5,000
result, elapsed ms2
result, min points3
billing, cost0.0503
billing, list price0.0503
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Rain gauges: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Rain gauges (15 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 3247.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 15; result, noise 0; result, distance m 5,000; result, elapsed ms 2; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0503 47.

A model draft was discarded because a sentence did not cite a source of this section.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885", "features": {"layer": "Rain gauges (3db367dc)"}, "distance_m": 5000.0, "min_points": 3}

Maps and charts

The run also made 16 map image(s) 48495051525354555657585960616263 and 18 chart(s) 646566676869707172737475767778798081.

Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports
Figure 2. Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports 48
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports
Figure 3. Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports 49
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports
Figure 4. Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports 50
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments
Figure 5. Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments 51
Calculate density: Citizen flood reports
Figure 6. Calculate density: Citizen flood reports 52
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 7. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 53
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 8. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 54
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 9. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 55
Slope (degrees)
Figure 10. Slope (degrees) 56
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports
Figure 11. Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports 57
Find point clusters: River gauge stations
Figure 12. Find point clusters: River gauge stations 58
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 13. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 59
Find point clusters: Rain gauges
Figure 14. Find point clusters: Rain gauges 60
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 15. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 61
Sub-catchments by mean_rain_mm
Figure 16. Sub-catchments by mean_rain_mm 62
Mapped flood extents by max_depth_m
Figure 17. Mapped flood extents by max_depth_m 63

What the map shows. The map, titled "Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports," displays an analysis of potential flood reporting clusters across a gridded area. According to the legend, the pattern result for this analysis is "No pattern detected." Visually, the entire area is covered by a uniform hexagonal grid structure, indicating the scope of the report, but no specific hot spots or distinct groupings are highlighted. The overall reading suggests that citizen flood reports are not concentrated in any specific, statistically significant area within the mapped region. Therefore, the image indicates that 48

Inferred: read from the image by gemma4:e4b, not evidence.

Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at)
Figure 18. Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at) 64. Per month, 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-01. Source: Citizen flood reports (900 features). The data is in the appendix.
Gauge readings by day over time (date)
Figure 19. Gauge readings by day over time (date) 65. Per month, 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-01. Source: Gauge readings by day (2,740 features). The data is in the appendix.
Rainfall by month over time (month)
Figure 20. Rainfall by month over time (month) 66. Per month, 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01. Source: Rainfall by month (360 features). The data is in the appendix.
Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports
Figure 21. Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports 67. Source: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports (54 features). The data is in the appendix.
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports
Figure 22. Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports 68. Per month, 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-01. Source: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports (900 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports
Figure 23. Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports 69. Source: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports (192 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments
Figure 24. Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments 70. Source: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
Calculate density: Citizen flood reports
Figure 25. Calculate density: Citizen flood reports 71. Source: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports (1,058 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 26. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 72. Source: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 27. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 73. Source: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Sub-catchments
Figure 28. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 74. Source: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports
Figure 29. Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports 75. Period: 2024-06-02 to 2025-11-30 (reported_at). Source: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports (900 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: River gauge stations
Figure 30. Find point clusters: River gauge stations 76. Source: Find point clusters: River gauge stations (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 31. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 77. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Rain gauges
Figure 32. Find point clusters: Rain gauges 78. Source: Find point clusters: Rain gauges (15 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 33. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 79. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over time
Figure 34. Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over time 80. Per month, 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-01. Source: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports (900 features). The data is in the appendix.
Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over time
Figure 35. Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over time 81. Per month, 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-01. Source: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports (900 features). The data is in the appendix.

Changes since the last run

This is the first report of this project.

Sources

  1. 1Rendering: Chart: Timeline: events per month by dataset. 96 rows id ab73206e-a519-4180-9535-698e58b41091
  2. 2Dataset: Mapped flood extents. vector, 3 rows id db7dcc69-6952-403c-92c2-c3bc2246001a
  3. 3Dataset: Citizen flood reports. vector, 900 rows id 1efc03c7-deb5-479a-8a37-e719f58c2b20
  4. 4Dataset: Gauge readings by day. table, 2740 rows id 2f1b0f9a-faac-4f0f-a937-14d42ba33293
  5. 5Dataset: Rainfall by month. table, 360 rows id b74ec6fb-9f9c-443c-9bf1-60b415ac2d65
  6. 6Tool result: gp_change_point_detection, step 2. Change point detection: done; no map output. id 2d6ff918-4a3d-4d6b-90bb-880ab63700de:2
  7. 7Document page: Flood bulletin, page 1. 6 October 2025 id 85d1f153-b632-4f92-9c75-e27e602d03cd:1
  8. 8Catalog: Emerging hot spots (operation catalog, gp_space_time_hot_spots). Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time. ArcGIS: Emerging Hot Spot Analysis, Create Space Time Cube. id gp_space_time_hot_spots
  9. 9Plan: Space time hot spots of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_8817aba79f40). Citizen flood reports carry dates in 'reported_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_8817aba79f40
  10. 10Tool result: gp_space_time_hot_spots, step 0. Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports (54 features). id 2d6ff918-4a3d-4d6b-90bb-880ab63700de:0
  11. 11Layer: Citizen flood reports. 900 features id e21d361b-1aea-4c6c-983a-db6793334e54
  12. 12Catalog: Repeat and near repeat classification (operation catalog, gp_near_repeat). Classify incidents as originators, repeats (same place) or near repeats within a distance and time window, with a Knox test table. ArcGIS: Repeat and Near Repeat Classification, Near Repeat Calculator. id gp_near_repeat
  13. 13Plan: Near repeat of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_dc6752c63c8e). Near repeat analysis tests whether Citizen flood reports close in space also follow each other within 30 days. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_dc6752c63c8e
  14. 14Tool result: gp_near_repeat, step 1. Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports (900 features). id 2d6ff918-4a3d-4d6b-90bb-880ab63700de:1
  15. 15Catalog: Change point detection (operation catalog, gp_change_point_detection). When did the level, count, trend or variability change? For the whole study area or for every bin. ArcGIS: Change Point Detection. id gp_change_point_detection
  16. 16Plan: Change points of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_026cfc884747). Change point detection finds when the monthly count of Citizen flood reports shifted. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_026cfc884747
  17. 17Catalog: Hot spot analysis (operation catalog, gp_hot_spots). Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins. ArcGIS: Find Hot Spots, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*). QGIS: qgis:hotspot (plugin). id gp_hot_spots
  18. 18Plan: Hot spots of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_55817c6df3fb). 900 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Citizen flood reports are statistically significant. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_55817c6df3fb
  19. 19Tool result: gp_hot_spots, step 0. Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports (192 features). id d01cf43d-7790-4072-93f9-676ff4a27366:0
  20. 20Plan: Hot spots of Sub-catchments (the Start plan's candidate c_65d5fe8b1094). Gi* hot spots of 'mean_rain_mm' across the areas. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_65d5fe8b1094
  21. 21Tool result: gp_hot_spots, step 1. Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments (10 features). id d01cf43d-7790-4072-93f9-676ff4a27366:1
  22. 22Layer: Sub-catchments. 10 features id 93ab58bf-7296-4170-ad95-b10fa72c5e22
  23. 23Catalog: Calculate density (operation catalog, gp_calculate_density). Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid. ArcGIS: Calculate Density, Kernel Density. QGIS: native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation. id gp_calculate_density
  24. 24Plan: Kernel density of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_ae50d36cd0d9). 900 points in Citizen flood reports: a density surface shows where they concentrate. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_ae50d36cd0d9
  25. 25Tool result: gp_calculate_density, step 0. Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports (1058 features). id 8747d1d4-2b67-4155-bcb2-a4e53f193c9d:0
  26. 26Catalog: Summarize within (operation catalog, gp_summarize_within). Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons. ArcGIS: Summarize Within, Aggregate Points. QGIS: native:countpointsinpolygon, native:sumlinelengths. id gp_summarize_within
  27. 27Plan: Citizen flood reports per feature of Sub-catchments (the Start plan's candidate c_3b154a6e32f0). Count Citizen flood reports inside each feature of Sub-catchments by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors). id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_3b154a6e32f0
  28. 28Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 0. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). id 8dd97c93-e555-418d-a9c0-cfdf74a7bac8:0
  29. 29Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 1. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). id 8dd97c93-e555-418d-a9c0-cfdf74a7bac8:1
  30. 30Layer: River gauge stations. 10 features id 78d4554f-40bd-482a-8b8e-976f0f3f0fe9
  31. 31Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 2. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Sub-catchments (10 features). id 8dd97c93-e555-418d-a9c0-cfdf74a7bac8:2
  32. 32Layer: Rain gauges. 15 features id 3db367dc-7928-4385-9039-bfe0bba84b6d
  33. 33Catalog: Zonal statistics (analysis catalog, rs_zonal_statistics). count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON. ArcGIS: Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons). id rs_zonal_statistics
  34. 34Plan: Zonal statistics of Catchment terrain model (DEM) and Sub-catchments (the Start plan's candidate c_252b1099847d). Statistics of Catchment terrain model (DEM) inside each feature of Sub-catchments. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_252b1099847d
  35. 35Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 0. Zonal statistics: 10 row(s). zones 10. id a7316d79-1e6d-45dd-9d15-38c74be5152e:0
  36. 36Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 1. Zonal statistics: 3 row(s). zones 3. id a7316d79-1e6d-45dd-9d15-38c74be5152e:1
  37. 37Catalog: Slope (analysis catalog, tr_slope). Horn slope in degrees or percent, with the share of ground in six grade classes. ArcGIS: Slope (Spatial Analyst). QGIS: Slope (GDAL DEM). id tr_slope
  38. 38Plan: Slope of Catchment terrain model (DEM) (the Start plan's candidate c_7150677d61cb). Slope of the Catchment terrain model (DEM) surface. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_7150677d61cb
  39. 39Tool result: tr_slope, step 2. Slope over 119.88 km2: mean 8.48 degrees, max 20.58 degrees; 68% of the ground is steeper than 15%. DEM: Catchment terrain model (DEM). Verified: 2 checks passed. id a7316d79-1e6d-45dd-9d15-38c74be5152e:2
  40. 40Layer: Catchment terrain model (DEM). 0 features id 8a54f320-9f63-4fda-934a-2891d0746533
  41. 41Catalog: Find point clusters (operation catalog, gp_find_point_clusters). Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise. ArcGIS: Find Point Clusters, Density-based Clustering. QGIS: native:dbscanclustering, native:stdbscanclustering. id gp_find_point_clusters
  42. 42Plan: Cluster points of Citizen flood reports (the Start plan's candidate c_14cb11cdaf9e). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Citizen flood reports and separates noise. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_14cb11cdaf9e
  43. 43Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 0. Find point clusters: 1 layer saved: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports (900 features). id e37a3cf8-9f42-4186-9a30-b91e39fd4753:0
  44. 44Plan: Cluster points of River gauge stations (the Start plan's candidate c_850adaee1a23). DBSCAN finds dense groups of River gauge stations and separates noise. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_850adaee1a23
  45. 45Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 1. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: River gauge stations (10 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features). id e37a3cf8-9f42-4186-9a30-b91e39fd4753:1
  46. 46Plan: Cluster points of Rain gauges (the Start plan's candidate c_880362120631). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Rain gauges and separates noise. id 782d5b2b-9474-44b9-a11b-9d4d784bcedb:c_880362120631
  47. 47Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 2. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Rain gauges (15 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature). id e37a3cf8-9f42-4186-9a30-b91e39fd4753:2
  48. 48Rendering: Map: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports id df84019c-853e-4480-ae80-4360a5057762
  49. 49Rendering: Map: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports id db30ad7f-93e1-49a6-8051-b2115ddb3932
  50. 50Rendering: Map: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports id 58d7b995-0988-4e8e-9630-4bc577176a92
  51. 51Rendering: Map: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments id 235866fd-a134-4c95-9350-8f2aece11b24
  52. 52Rendering: Map: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports id 691e1041-8462-4990-a2b4-333fec815627
  53. 53Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Sub-catchments id 2a79fecc-b8b2-4472-b272-fb43b039dbd2
  54. 54Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Sub-catchments id 857ca1b5-8fec-48a4-b304-266e68d31b94
  55. 55Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Sub-catchments id 1e84fe9a-d7b2-4902-98c6-88f83d1753eb
  56. 56Rendering: Map: Slope (degrees) id 1d6c4200-1fcb-4126-ad0a-641d77b24050
  57. 57Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports id 322bd37e-7f71-4ec2-be16-3d3eb394fa1a
  58. 58Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: River gauge stations id 42494457-0017-4176-b060-8c623d818af7
  59. 59Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id cbd218da-1936-4b2f-928b-583963a4d05b
  60. 60Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Rain gauges id de3b65e7-1df0-45b3-a9d9-3f16c3ec25e0
  61. 61Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id bb029bff-1f80-4876-9c36-9f206c27cb52
  62. 62Rendering: Map: Sub-catchments by mean_rain_mm id 629ae5d8-0e0f-40be-8efe-59858715407c
  63. 63Rendering: Map: Mapped flood extents by max_depth_m id 672a21a8-f21f-47d9-915d-f1215f2351ea
  64. 64Rendering: Chart: Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at). 72 rows id 1f057250-f2f3-4444-8ee4-312f7e3f29b8
  65. 65Rendering: Chart: Gauge readings by day over time (date). 18 rows id 1cefadf3-c3b0-4bdc-b14d-0912c06be92b
  66. 66Rendering: Chart: Rainfall by month over time (month). 24 rows id 68e438aa-5686-4857-9a3f-cd8c3cde2386
  67. 67Rendering: Chart: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports. 7 rows id 2f15b311-199d-4056-abbf-7f7d18fe96f7
  68. 68Rendering: Chart: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports. 72 rows id ad285a50-1301-486d-8690-dc043ed0946c
  69. 69Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports. 12 rows id 3368b83c-fef0-4ed7-a8a9-0b1b9da8619b
  70. 70Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments. 6 rows id c9d116d9-5701-464b-b839-63cf43f651de
  71. 71Rendering: Chart: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports. 12 rows id c7966614-d1c9-46e7-8925-8f2f0bac5902
  72. 72Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 5 rows id 8c848fa1-3d91-47af-9649-288a226486ed
  73. 73Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 5 rows id dfeafeea-e8b5-4e66-bec7-146625c650af
  74. 74Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 5 rows id a13f8b52-7627-46cb-b4b5-97051fbb536c
  75. 75Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports. 1 rows id 0788ef2e-51b6-4142-92a3-ee3cbdd4a246
  76. 76Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: River gauge stations. 3 rows id ec2f47a4-6cfe-4935-ae97-f19fd059d77c
  77. 77Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 2 rows id 0c8ac877-ebc0-43c8-a153-654498de370e
  78. 78Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Rain gauges. 1 rows id 28dec6f4-3a37-41d3-901b-dde7b707ca85
  79. 79Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 rows id 88019df2-74d5-411f-aa91-914142d1020b
  80. 80Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over time. 72 rows id 9aed8e2a-dca7-41a3-88ab-dcad1081cc59
  81. 81Rendering: Chart: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over time. 72 rows id 682239cc-117a-45c4-932d-cd4f72d53c6a
  82. 82Dataset: River gauge stations. vector, 10 rows id 51e6f3e7-39f7-409d-b75a-5e3c4f2111ba
  83. 83Dataset: Rivers. vector, 5 rows id c3beaebe-fab3-43f4-8bd5-fd534de0bc90
  84. 84Dataset: Sub-catchments. vector, 10 rows id 3b3a6800-4b3b-485f-9a6e-9cb94a905fda
  85. 85Dataset: Rain gauges. vector, 15 rows id 798fc52e-f033-441e-89de-9aba95030abe
  86. 86Dataset: Levees. vector, 4 rows id 452fb0cc-8b65-48aa-80fb-aa893b871288
  87. 87Dataset: Catchment terrain model (DEM). raster, ? rows id 1e838159-31fe-49cd-9295-eb56c3c76602
  88. 88Dataset: Flood bulletin. document, ? rows id 0d72e77d-8ce0-4130-85e5-3594ccc48b8b
  89. 89Record: Sample: Water resources, Chiang Mai id 61868fa2-4b0c-4a49-9b21-03b342758885
  90. 90Layer: Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports. 54 features id 76aee3c4-5662-40a6-a573-f7385c27cb6f
  91. 91Layer: Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports. 900 features id 453b38fc-b031-4019-9f36-cea25aa9d8bc
  92. 92Layer: Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports. 192 features id 194f8e1a-bb85-455a-a877-c8e63e1e9706
  93. 93Layer: Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments. 10 features id 1a25513d-2337-4e12-b048-9964386b8caf
  94. 94Layer: Calculate density: Citizen flood reports. 1,058 features id d06650d9-2045-4364-b4eb-7e2d08340918
  95. 95Layer: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 10 features id fd0b3217-d60a-47c7-90ab-ea465e8c7c5d
  96. 96Layer: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 10 features id ea36acc2-c9e4-47d1-ae43-8e8a01796331
  97. 97Layer: Summarize within: Sub-catchments. 10 features id e444fc8a-915a-41cf-b527-64e4d1f433ad
  98. 98Layer: Slope (degrees). 0 features id a753c90d-d085-4dc3-9dbd-73f27c7b0ce4
  99. 99Layer: Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports. 900 features id 74df7279-bf60-476d-a11f-318baf9e29c1
  100. 100Layer: Find point clusters: River gauge stations. 10 features id 206d0831-64d5-4e32-8f3e-6a20b952bafa
  101. 101Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 2 features id fdb581a7-158f-4075-9090-44eea9d091f3
  102. 102Layer: Find point clusters: Rain gauges. 15 features id c05c732b-60cd-4aa0-9e1c-3c5d0446cfb9
  103. 103Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 features id f339f855-d239-4237-9f3a-0d4890abce5e
  104. 104Document: Flood bulletin id 85d1f153-b632-4f92-9c75-e27e602d03cd
Appendix: the data behind the chartsShow

Figure 1. Timeline: events per month by dataset 1

periodseriesvalue
2024-01-01Gauge readings by day0
2024-01-01Citizen flood reports0
2024-01-01Rainfall by month15
2024-01-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-02-01Gauge readings by day0
2024-02-01Citizen flood reports0
2024-02-01Rainfall by month15
2024-02-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-03-01Gauge readings by day0
2024-03-01Citizen flood reports0
2024-03-01Rainfall by month15
2024-03-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-04-01Gauge readings by day0
2024-04-01Citizen flood reports0
2024-04-01Rainfall by month15
2024-04-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-05-01Gauge readings by day0
2024-05-01Citizen flood reports0
2024-05-01Rainfall by month15
2024-05-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-06-01Gauge readings by day150
2024-06-01Citizen flood reports29
2024-06-01Rainfall by month15
2024-06-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-07-01Gauge readings by day160
2024-07-01Citizen flood reports44
2024-07-01Rainfall by month15
2024-07-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-08-01Gauge readings by day150
2024-08-01Citizen flood reports54
2024-08-01Rainfall by month15
2024-08-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-09-01Gauge readings by day150
2024-09-01Citizen flood reports89
2024-09-01Rainfall by month15
2024-09-01Mapped flood extents1
2024-10-01Gauge readings by day160
2024-10-01Citizen flood reports57
2024-10-01Rainfall by month15
2024-10-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-11-01Gauge readings by day150
2024-11-01Citizen flood reports30
2024-11-01Rainfall by month15
2024-11-01Mapped flood extents0
2024-12-01Gauge readings by day150
2024-12-01Citizen flood reports23
2024-12-01Rainfall by month15
2024-12-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-01-01Gauge readings by day160
2025-01-01Citizen flood reports13
2025-01-01Rainfall by month15
2025-01-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-02-01Gauge readings by day140
2025-02-01Citizen flood reports8
2025-02-01Rainfall by month15
2025-02-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-03-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-03-01Citizen flood reports4
2025-03-01Rainfall by month15
2025-03-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-04-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-04-01Citizen flood reports9
2025-04-01Rainfall by month15
2025-04-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-05-01Gauge readings by day160
2025-05-01Citizen flood reports20
2025-05-01Rainfall by month15
2025-05-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-06-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-06-01Citizen flood reports29
2025-06-01Rainfall by month15
2025-06-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-07-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-07-01Citizen flood reports34
2025-07-01Rainfall by month15
2025-07-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-08-01Gauge readings by day160
2025-08-01Citizen flood reports111
2025-08-01Rainfall by month15
2025-08-01Mapped flood extents1
2025-09-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-09-01Citizen flood reports38
2025-09-01Rainfall by month15
2025-09-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-10-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-10-01Citizen flood reports272
2025-10-01Rainfall by month15
2025-10-01Mapped flood extents1
2025-11-01Gauge readings by day150
2025-11-01Citizen flood reports36
2025-11-01Rainfall by month15
2025-11-01Mapped flood extents0
2025-12-01Gauge readings by day0
2025-12-01Citizen flood reports0
2025-12-01Rainfall by month15
2025-12-01Mapped flood extents0

Figure 18. Citizen flood reports over time (reported_at) 64

periodseriesvalue
2024-06-01street flooded7
2024-06-01rescue10
2024-06-01house flooded7
2024-06-01road closed5
2024-07-01street flooded15
2024-07-01rescue11
2024-07-01house flooded8
2024-07-01road closed10
2024-08-01street flooded17
2024-08-01rescue11
2024-08-01house flooded14
2024-08-01road closed12
2024-09-01street flooded28
2024-09-01rescue23
2024-09-01house flooded18
2024-09-01road closed20
2024-10-01street flooded11
2024-10-01rescue18
2024-10-01house flooded12
2024-10-01road closed16
2024-11-01street flooded9
2024-11-01rescue10
2024-11-01house flooded6
2024-11-01road closed5
2024-12-01street flooded6
2024-12-01rescue1
2024-12-01house flooded10
2024-12-01road closed6
2025-01-01street flooded2
2025-01-01rescue4
2025-01-01house flooded2
2025-01-01road closed5
2025-02-01street flooded2
2025-02-01rescue2
2025-02-01house flooded3
2025-02-01road closed1
2025-03-01street flooded0
2025-03-01rescue1
2025-03-01house flooded1
2025-03-01road closed2
2025-04-01street flooded0
2025-04-01rescue3
2025-04-01house flooded2
2025-04-01road closed4
2025-05-01street flooded3
2025-05-01rescue6
2025-05-01house flooded6
2025-05-01road closed5
2025-06-01street flooded9
2025-06-01rescue5
2025-06-01house flooded9
2025-06-01road closed6
2025-07-01street flooded11
2025-07-01rescue8
2025-07-01house flooded8
2025-07-01road closed7
2025-08-01street flooded25
2025-08-01rescue28
2025-08-01house flooded33
2025-08-01road closed25
2025-09-01street flooded14
2025-09-01rescue12
2025-09-01house flooded8
2025-09-01road closed4
2025-10-01street flooded73
2025-10-01rescue70
2025-10-01house flooded65
2025-10-01road closed64
2025-11-01street flooded9
2025-11-01rescue11
2025-11-01house flooded7
2025-11-01road closed9

Figure 19. Gauge readings by day over time (date) 65

periodvalue
2024-06-01150
2024-07-01160
2024-08-01150
2024-09-01150
2024-10-01160
2024-11-01150
2024-12-01150
2025-01-01160
2025-02-01140
2025-03-01150
2025-04-01150
2025-05-01160
2025-06-01150
2025-07-01150
2025-08-01160
2025-09-01150
2025-10-01150
2025-11-01150

Figure 20. Rainfall by month over time (month) 66

periodvalue
2024-01-01681
2024-02-01608
2024-03-01605
2024-04-01715
2024-05-01622
2024-06-01615
2024-07-011,814
2024-08-013,416
2024-09-014,465
2024-10-014,024
2024-11-013,230
2024-12-011,681
2025-01-01619
2025-02-01597
2025-03-01623
2025-04-01595
2025-05-01566
2025-06-01611
2025-07-011,651
2025-08-013,538
2025-09-014,386
2025-10-014,635
2025-11-013,580
2025-12-011,731

Figure 21. Emerging hot spots: Citizen flood reports 67

bin_startbin_endcount
-0.966-0.579911
-0.5799-0.193711
-0.19370.19244
0.19240.578613
0.57860.96474
0.96471.3517
1.3511.7374

Figure 22. Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports 68

periodseriesvalue
2024-06-01street flooded7
2024-06-01rescue10
2024-06-01house flooded7
2024-06-01road closed5
2024-07-01street flooded15
2024-07-01rescue11
2024-07-01house flooded8
2024-07-01road closed10
2024-08-01street flooded17
2024-08-01rescue11
2024-08-01house flooded14
2024-08-01road closed12
2024-09-01street flooded28
2024-09-01rescue23
2024-09-01house flooded18
2024-09-01road closed20
2024-10-01street flooded11
2024-10-01rescue18
2024-10-01house flooded12
2024-10-01road closed16
2024-11-01street flooded9
2024-11-01rescue10
2024-11-01house flooded6
2024-11-01road closed5
2024-12-01street flooded6
2024-12-01rescue1
2024-12-01house flooded10
2024-12-01road closed6
2025-01-01street flooded2
2025-01-01rescue4
2025-01-01house flooded2
2025-01-01road closed5
2025-02-01street flooded2
2025-02-01rescue2
2025-02-01house flooded3
2025-02-01road closed1
2025-03-01street flooded0
2025-03-01rescue1
2025-03-01house flooded1
2025-03-01road closed2
2025-04-01street flooded0
2025-04-01rescue3
2025-04-01house flooded2
2025-04-01road closed4
2025-05-01street flooded3
2025-05-01rescue6
2025-05-01house flooded6
2025-05-01road closed5
2025-06-01street flooded9
2025-06-01rescue5
2025-06-01house flooded9
2025-06-01road closed6
2025-07-01street flooded11
2025-07-01rescue8
2025-07-01house flooded8
2025-07-01road closed7
2025-08-01street flooded25
2025-08-01rescue28
2025-08-01house flooded33
2025-08-01road closed25
2025-09-01street flooded14
2025-09-01rescue12
2025-09-01house flooded8
2025-09-01road closed4
2025-10-01street flooded73
2025-10-01rescue70
2025-10-01house flooded65
2025-10-01road closed64
2025-11-01street flooded9
2025-11-01rescue11
2025-11-01house flooded7
2025-11-01road closed9

Figure 23. Hot spot analysis: Citizen flood reports 69

bin_startbin_endbandband_labelcount
-1-0.5not_significantNot significant100
-0.50not_significantNot significant16
00.5not_significantNot significant22
0.51not_significantNot significant10
11.5not_significantNot significant22
1.52hot_90Hot spot, 90% confidence5
1.52hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence2
1.52not_significantNot significant7
22.5hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence5
2.53hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence1
2.53hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence1
33.5hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence1

Figure 24. Hot spot analysis: Sub-catchments 70

bin_startbin_endbandband_labelcount
-2-1.5not_significantNot significant1
-1.5-1not_significantNot significant2
-1-0.5not_significantNot significant3
00.5not_significantNot significant2
0.51not_significantNot significant1
11.5not_significantNot significant1

Figure 25. Calculate density: Citizen flood reports 71

bin_startbin_endcount
02.2549
2.254.570
4.56.7599
6.759105
911.25164
11.2513.5110
13.515.75110
15.7518106
1820.25134
20.2522.563
22.524.7533
24.752715

Figure 26. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 72

bin_startbin_endcount
0605
601202
1201800
1802402
2403001

Figure 27. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 73

bin_startbin_endcount
00.63
0.61.25
1.21.80
1.82.41
2.431

Figure 28. Summarize within: Sub-catchments 74

bin_startbin_endcount
11.25
1.21.40
1.41.60
1.61.80
1.825

Figure 29. Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports 75

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
Noise9001100.0%

Figure 30. Find point clusters: River gauge stations 76

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
140.440.0%
030.330.0%
Noise30.330.0%

Figure 31. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 77

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
010.550.0%
110.550.0%

Figure 32. Find point clusters: Rain gauges 78

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
0151100.0%

Figure 33. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 79

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
011100.0%

Figure 34. Find point clusters: Citizen flood reports over time 80

periodseriesvalue
2024-06-01street flooded7
2024-06-01rescue10
2024-06-01house flooded7
2024-06-01road closed5
2024-07-01street flooded15
2024-07-01rescue11
2024-07-01house flooded8
2024-07-01road closed10
2024-08-01street flooded17
2024-08-01rescue11
2024-08-01house flooded14
2024-08-01road closed12
2024-09-01street flooded28
2024-09-01rescue23
2024-09-01house flooded18
2024-09-01road closed20
2024-10-01street flooded11
2024-10-01rescue18
2024-10-01house flooded12
2024-10-01road closed16
2024-11-01street flooded9
2024-11-01rescue10
2024-11-01house flooded6
2024-11-01road closed5
2024-12-01street flooded6
2024-12-01rescue1
2024-12-01house flooded10
2024-12-01road closed6
2025-01-01street flooded2
2025-01-01rescue4
2025-01-01house flooded2
2025-01-01road closed5
2025-02-01street flooded2
2025-02-01rescue2
2025-02-01house flooded3
2025-02-01road closed1
2025-03-01street flooded0
2025-03-01rescue1
2025-03-01house flooded1
2025-03-01road closed2
2025-04-01street flooded0
2025-04-01rescue3
2025-04-01house flooded2
2025-04-01road closed4
2025-05-01street flooded3
2025-05-01rescue6
2025-05-01house flooded6
2025-05-01road closed5
2025-06-01street flooded9
2025-06-01rescue5
2025-06-01house flooded9
2025-06-01road closed6
2025-07-01street flooded11
2025-07-01rescue8
2025-07-01house flooded8
2025-07-01road closed7
2025-08-01street flooded25
2025-08-01rescue28
2025-08-01house flooded33
2025-08-01road closed25
2025-09-01street flooded14
2025-09-01rescue12
2025-09-01house flooded8
2025-09-01road closed4
2025-10-01street flooded73
2025-10-01rescue70
2025-10-01house flooded65
2025-10-01road closed64
2025-11-01street flooded9
2025-11-01rescue11
2025-11-01house flooded7
2025-11-01road closed9

Figure 35. Repeat and near repeat classification: Citizen flood reports over time 81

periodseriesvalue
2024-06-01street flooded7
2024-06-01rescue10
2024-06-01house flooded7
2024-06-01road closed5
2024-07-01street flooded15
2024-07-01rescue11
2024-07-01house flooded8
2024-07-01road closed10
2024-08-01street flooded17
2024-08-01rescue11
2024-08-01house flooded14
2024-08-01road closed12
2024-09-01street flooded28
2024-09-01rescue23
2024-09-01house flooded18
2024-09-01road closed20
2024-10-01street flooded11
2024-10-01rescue18
2024-10-01house flooded12
2024-10-01road closed16
2024-11-01street flooded9
2024-11-01rescue10
2024-11-01house flooded6
2024-11-01road closed5
2024-12-01street flooded6
2024-12-01rescue1
2024-12-01house flooded10
2024-12-01road closed6
2025-01-01street flooded2
2025-01-01rescue4
2025-01-01house flooded2
2025-01-01road closed5
2025-02-01street flooded2
2025-02-01rescue2
2025-02-01house flooded3
2025-02-01road closed1
2025-03-01street flooded0
2025-03-01rescue1
2025-03-01house flooded1
2025-03-01road closed2
2025-04-01street flooded0
2025-04-01rescue3
2025-04-01house flooded2
2025-04-01road closed4
2025-05-01street flooded3
2025-05-01rescue6
2025-05-01house flooded6
2025-05-01road closed5
2025-06-01street flooded9
2025-06-01rescue5
2025-06-01house flooded9
2025-06-01road closed6
2025-07-01street flooded11
2025-07-01rescue8
2025-07-01house flooded8
2025-07-01road closed7
2025-08-01street flooded25
2025-08-01rescue28
2025-08-01house flooded33
2025-08-01road closed25
2025-09-01street flooded14
2025-09-01rescue12
2025-09-01house flooded8
2025-09-01road closed4
2025-10-01street flooded73
2025-10-01rescue70
2025-10-01house flooded65
2025-10-01road closed64
2025-11-01street flooded9
2025-11-01rescue11
2025-11-01house flooded7
2025-11-01road closed9

GeoBit Large Spatial Model. Findings are labeled Evidenced (computed by a tool), Inferred (a reading or reasoning) or Unverified (no evidence yet).

The data

The files this sample uploads: synthetic data generated at a real place. Download any of them and add them to a project of your own.

DatasetKindRowsTime spanFile
River gauge stations
River gauge stations with bank-full level.
vector, Point10river_gauges.geojson
Rivers
Rivers and tributaries.
vector, LineString5rivers.geojson
Sub-catchments
Sub-catchments with rainfall and forest cover.
vector, Polygon10sub_catchments.geojson
Mapped flood extents
Flood extents mapped after three events. Dated by mapped_on (day).
vector, Polygon32024-09-28
to 2025-10-06
flood_extents.geojson
Citizen flood reports
Flood reports sent by residents. Dated by reported_at (minute).
vector, Point9002024-06-02
to 2025-11-30
flood_reports.geojson
Rain gauges
Rain gauges.
vector, Point15rain_gauges.geojson
Levees
Levees along the main river.
vector, LineString4levees.geojson
Catchment terrain model (DEM)
A 30 m terrain model of the catchment: mountains in the west, the river plain in the east (synthetic).
rastercatchment_terrain_dem.tif
Gauge readings by day
Water level and discharge every second day per gauge (joins to River gauge stations on gauge_id). Dated by date (day).
table2,7402024-06-01
to 2025-11-29
gauge_readings.csv
Rainfall by month
Monthly rainfall per rain gauge (joins to Rain gauges on rain_gauge_id). Dated by month (month).
table3602024-01-01
to 2025-12-01
rainfall_monthly.csv
Flood bulletin
A bulletin naming gauges, rivers and levees.
documentflood_bulletin.pdf, flood_bulletin.md

What the data was built to show

  • River levels rise every monsoon (peak in September and October) with three flood events; the largest on 2025-10-06.
  • Flood reports concentrate on the river plain where the tributaries join.
  • The terrain model drains west to east: watershed and slope show which sub-catchments feed the plain.

Expected analysis families: terrain, aggregation, space_time, hot_spots, density.

How the product read each dataset

The profile written when the data was added, before Start; no model call is needed for it.

  • River gauge stations: 10 point features; 'river' has 2 values (top: Tributary 7, Main river 3); 'bank_full_m' 270.9 to 1543 (mean 839.8); 'catchment_km2' 41 to 850 (mean 525.9); named by 'name' (e.g. Gauge station P.1, Gauge station P.2, Gauge station P.3); extent 98.9498,18.7638 to 99.0158,18.8219.
  • Rivers: 5 line features; 'order' 2 to 4 (mean 2.4); named by 'name' (e.g. Main river, Tributary 1, Tributary 2); total length 46.51 km; extent 98.9306,18.7431 to 99.0167,18.8335.
  • Sub-catchments: 10 polygon (area) features; 'mean_rain_mm' 1,054 to 1,643 (mean 1410); 'forest_pct' 16 to 77 (mean 44.4); 'area_km2' 5.8 to 19.8 (mean 12); named by 'name' (e.g. Sub-catchment 1, Sub-catchment 2, Sub-catchment 3); total area 120.1 km2; extent 98.9283,18.7431 to 99.0422,18.8335.
  • Mapped flood extents: 3 polygon (area) features; dated by 'mapped_on' from 2024-09-28 to 2025-10-06; 'max_depth_m' 1.1 to 2.1 (mean 1.6); total area 99.54 km2; extent 98.9659,18.7431 to 99.0328,18.8335.
  • Citizen flood reports: 900 point features; dated by 'reported_at' from 2024-06-02 to 2025-11-30; 'type' has 4 values (top: street flooded 241, rescue 234, house flooded 219); 'verified' has 2 values (top: True 536, False 364); 'water_depth_cm' 3 to 332 (mean 37.65); extent 98.9902,18.7433 to 99.0339,18.8333.
  • Rain gauges: 15 point features; 'elevation_m' 301.6 to 1940 (mean 914.3); named by 'name' (e.g. Rain gauge station 1, Rain gauge station 2, Rain gauge station 3); extent 98.9374,18.7503 to 99.0326,18.8271.
  • Levees: 4 line features; 'condition' has 2 values (top: poor 2, good 2); 'crest_m' 286.7 to 346.4 (mean 307.4); total length 4.802 km; extent 99.0043,18.7529 to 99.0184,18.8152.
  • Catchment terrain model (DEM): 1-band float32 raster (dem), 400 x 333 cells; resolution 30; band 1 250 to 2062; extent 98.9283,18.7432 to 99.0422,18.8335.
  • Gauge readings by day: Table of 2,740 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'date' from 2024-06-01 to 2025-11-29; 'level_m' 266.7 to 1544 (mean 837.8); 'discharge_m3s' 2.4 to 1108 (mean 220.3).
  • Rainfall by month: Table of 360 rows and 3 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'rain_mm' 23 to 444 (mean 126.7).
  • Flood bulletin: 1-page pdf document 'Flood bulletin'; language en; mentions 8 place(s): Main river (2), Gauge station P.1 (2), Gauge station P.2 (1), Gauge (1), Tributary 2 (1).

Run this on your own data.

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