Conservation

Wildlife sightings over years, protected areas and habitat change

Okavango Delta near Maun, Botswanasynthetic data, real placeMaps, charts and report
The question

Where do key species concentrate and how has that changed over time, and where did habitat change inside the protected areas?

A conservation trust uploads six years of wildlife sightings, protected areas, river channels, camera traps, patrol tracks, water points, two habitat scenes (2020 and 2025), monthly patrol effort and yearly transect counts, and a monitoring report. It wants to know where species concentrate and how habitat changed.

-19.8000, 23.3500data covers about 12 by 10 km
11datasets uploaded
24output layers
25maps made
26charts made
54findings
683 sStart run time

Every map and chart this run made is here. 25 map images, 26 charts and the cited report (PDF, Word, Markdown), as exported on 2026-10-22.

Findings (first few)

  • Evidenced: The timeline counts 2,526 dated events in Wildlife sightings, Patrol tracks, Patrol effort by month and 1 more per quarter, from Q1 2018 to Q4 2025 12345.
  • Evidenced: By dataset: Wildlife sightings 2,000; Transect counts by year 256; Patrol tracks 150; Patrol effort by month 120 1.
  • Evidenced: The trend is +4.21 events per quarter; the second half of the quarters has 1,755 against 771 in the first (+127.6%) 1.
  • Evidenced: 6 of the 32 quarters had no events 1.
  • Evidenced: Change point detection found no shift in the counts 6.

What Start ran

Describe mode, the local model only (no paid model); run status succeeded, 9 analyst agents.

gp_calculate_densitygp_change_point_detectiongp_find_point_clustersgp_hot_spotsgp_near_repeatgp_space_time_hot_spotsgp_summarize_withinim_change_date_raster (1 failed)im_compute_change_rasterim_index_changers_zonal_statistics

Maps

Every map image this run exported, with legend, north arrow and scale bar. Select one to view it full size.

Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings
Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightingsFig. 2
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightingsFig. 3
Hot spot analysis: Camera traps
Hot spot analysis: Camera trapsFig. 4
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightingsFig. 5
NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15Fig. 6
NDVI decrease / increase
NDVI decrease / increaseFig. 7
NDVI change polygons
NDVI change polygonsFig. 8
Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15Fig. 9
Calculate density: Water points
Calculate density: Water pointsFig. 10
Calculate density: Camera traps
Calculate density: Camera trapsFig. 11
Calculate density: Wildlife sightings
Calculate density: Wildlife sightingsFig. 12
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 13
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 14
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 15
Find point clusters: Water points
Find point clusters: Water pointsFig. 16
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 17
Find point clusters: Camera traps
Find point clusters: Camera trapsFig. 18
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 19
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightingsFig. 20
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 21
Protected areas by area_km2
Protected areas by area_km2Fig. 22
Change Analysis: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Change Analysis: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15Fig. 23
Change Analysis: NDVI decrease / increase
Change Analysis: NDVI decrease / increaseFig. 24
Change Analysis: NDVI change polygons
Change Analysis: NDVI change polygonsFig. 25
Change Analysis: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Change Analysis: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15Fig. 26

Charts

Every chart image this run exported.

Camera traps over time (installed_year)
Camera traps over time (installed_year)Fig. 27
Patrol tracks over time (date)
Patrol tracks over time (date)Fig. 28
Patrol effort by month over time (month)
Patrol effort by month over time (month)Fig. 29
Transect counts by year over time (year)
Transect counts by year over time (year)Fig. 30
Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings
Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightingsFig. 31
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightingsFig. 32
Hot spot analysis: Camera traps
Hot spot analysis: Camera trapsFig. 33
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightingsFig. 34
NDVI change polygons
NDVI change polygonsFig. 35
Calculate density: Water points
Calculate density: Water pointsFig. 36
Calculate density: Camera traps
Calculate density: Camera trapsFig. 37
Calculate density: Wildlife sightings
Calculate density: Wildlife sightingsFig. 38
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 39
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 40
Summarize within: Protected areas
Summarize within: Protected areasFig. 41
Find point clusters: Water points
Find point clusters: Water pointsFig. 42
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 43
Find point clusters: Camera traps
Find point clusters: Camera trapsFig. 44
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 45
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightingsFig. 46
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Find point clusters: cluster hullsFig. 47
NDVI change polygons
NDVI change polygonsFig. 48
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over time
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over timeFig. 49
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over time
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over timeFig. 50
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over time
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over timeFig. 51
Timeline: events per quarter by dataset
Timeline: events per quarter by datasetFig. 1

The cited report

Sample: Conservation, Okavango Delta near Maun: report

Project: Sample: Conservation, Okavango Delta near Maun
Goal: Describe the project Sample: Conservation, Okavango Delta near Maun: run the analyses that tell the most about its data, draw every result, and write a cited report.
Run: 02856b25-6165-4e7c-bf67-eecb1dfb06b6 (running, 12 agent run(s))
Generated: 2026-10-18T05:10:01Z, version 1
Model cost: USD 0.0000 over 4 model call(s)

Data used

DataKindRowsTime spanSummarySource
Protected areasvector, Polygon55 polygon (area) features; 'area_km2' 2.5 to 42 (mean 24.5); 'established' 1,963 to 2,019 (mean 2003); named by 'name' (e.g. Northern wildlife concession, Delta game reserve, Community trust area); total area 122.5 km2; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541. Areas (Protected areas) with area_km2 to compare and map.105
Wildlife sightingsvector, Point2,0002020-01-03 to 2025-12-302,000 point features; dated by 'observed_at' from 2020-01-03 to 2025-12-30; 'species' has 9 values (top: elephant 570, buffalo 310, giraffe 232); 'observer' has 4 values (top: researcher 525, ranger 512, guide 498); 'count' 1 to 47 (mean 10.29); extent 23.2929,-19.8447 to 23.4072,-19.7547. Dated point events by species: where and when Wildlife sightings happen.2
River channelsvector, LineString22 line features; named by 'name' (e.g. Main channel, Southern channel); total length 31.87 km; extent 23.2927,-19.8258 to 23.4074,-19.7811. Lines (River channels) such as routes or networks.106
Camera trapsvector, Point4040 point features; 'working' has 2 values (top: True 34, False 6); 'installed_year' 2,020 to 2,020 (mean 2020); named by 'name' (e.g. Camera trap 01, Camera trap 02, Camera trap 03); extent 23.2940,-19.8426 to 23.4047,-19.7566. Point locations of Camera traps by working.107
Patrol tracksvector, LineString1502024-01-12 to 2025-12-28150 line features; dated by 'date' from 2024-01-12 to 2025-12-28; 'team' has 3 values (top: Alpha 63, Charlie 46, Bravo 41); 'snares_found' 0 to 4 (mean 0.9067); total length 985.6 km; extent 23.2921,-19.8472 to 23.4085,-19.7533. Lines (Patrol tracks) such as routes or networks.3
Water pointsvector, Point2525 point features; 'type' has 3 values (top: borehole 10, pan 8, lagoon 7); 'permanent' has 2 values (top: True 14, False 11); extent 23.2942,-19.8258 to 23.3495,-19.7772. Point locations of Water points by type.108
Habitat scene 2020-09-15raster2020-09-154-band float32 raster (imagery), 300 x 250 cells; resolution 40; band 1 0.009 to 0.079; acquired 2020-09-15; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541. Imagery for visual and change analysis.109
Habitat scene 2025-09-15raster2025-09-154-band float32 raster (imagery), 300 x 250 cells; resolution 40; band 1 0.007 to 0.182; acquired 2025-09-15; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541. Imagery for visual and change analysis.110
Patrol effort by monthtable1202024-01-01 to 2025-12-01Table of 120 rows and 5 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'area_code' has 5 values (top: PA1 24, PA2 24, PA3 24); 'patrol_km' 130 to 707 (mean 338.4); 'snares_removed' 0 to 7 (mean 1.275); 'carcasses_found' 0 to 3 (mean 0.425). A table of Patrol effort by month without locations.4
Transect counts by yeartable2562018-01-01 to 2025-01-01Table of 256 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'year' from 2018-01-01 to 2025-01-01; 'species' has 4 values (top: elephant 64, buffalo 64, red lechwe 64); 'count' 6 to 287 (mean 61.94). A table of Transect counts by year without locations.5
Annual wildlife monitoring reportdocument1-page md document 'Annual wildlife monitoring report 2025'; language en; mentions 4 place(s): Community trust area (2), Northern wildlife concession (1), -19.77328, 23.32099 (1), Main channel (1). A document about Community trust area, Northern wildlife concession, -19.77328, 23.32099.111
Sample: Conservation, Okavango Delta near Maunrecord112
Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightingslayer, Polygon187113
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightingslayer, Point2,000114
Hot spot analysis: Camera trapslayer, Polygon11115
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightingslayer, Point2,000116
NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15layer0117
NDVI decrease / increaselayer0118
NDVI change polygonslayer, Polygon984119
Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15layer0120
Calculate density: Water pointslayer, Polygon67121
Calculate density: Camera trapslayer, Polygon95122
Calculate density: Wildlife sightingslayer, Polygon3,384123
Summarize within: Protected areaslayer, Polygon5124
Summarize within: Protected areaslayer, Polygon5125
Summarize within: Protected areaslayer, Polygon5126
Find point clusters: Water pointslayer, Point25127
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon1128
Find point clusters: Camera trapslayer, Point40129
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon2130
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightingslayer, Point2,000131
Find point clusters: cluster hullslayer, Polygon10132
NDVI change polygonslayer, Polygon984133

Timeline

Timeline: events per quarter by dataset
Figure 1. Timeline: events per quarter by dataset 1. Per quarter, 2018-01-01 to 2025-10-01. Source: Wildlife sightings, Patrol tracks, Patrol effort by month, Transect counts by year (2,526 features). The data is in the appendix.

The timeline counts 2,526 dated events in Wildlife sightings, Patrol tracks, Patrol effort by month and 1 more per quarter, from Q1 2018 to Q4 2025 12345. By dataset: Wildlife sightings 2,000; Transect counts by year 256; Patrol tracks 150; Patrol effort by month 120 1. The trend is +4.21 events per quarter; the second half of the quarters has 1,755 against 771 in the first (+127.6%) 1. 6 of the 32 quarters had no events 1. Change point detection found no shift in the counts 6.

Busiest quarters

  • Q3 2025: 146 events 1
  • Q1 2025: 137 events 1
  • Q3 2024: 124 events 1

Quietest quarters with events

  • Q1 2018: 32 events 1
  • Q1 2019: 32 events 1
  • Q2 2020: 56 events 1

Space time hot spots

What this analysis is. Emerging hot spots: Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time 7. In ArcGIS it is Emerging Hot Spot Analysis or Create Space Time Cube 7.

Why it was run on this data. Wildlife sightings carry dates in 'observed_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month 8.

What it found. The process generated 187 features for emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings 9. The analysis utilized the Wildlife sightings input layer 10, processing 2,000 features and reaching a resolution of 8 9.

ResultValue
result, count187
result, elapsed ms74
result, resolution8
result, features used2,000
result, time neighbors0
billing, cost0.2
billing, list price0.2
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Space time hot spots on Wildlife sightings: Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings (187 features) 910.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 187; result, elapsed ms 74; result, resolution 8; result, features used 2,000; result, time neighbors 0; billing, cost 0.2 9.

Tool gp_space_time_hot_spots; parameters {"agg": "sum", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "interval": "month", "bin_shape": "h3", "resolution": 8, "time_field": "observed_at", "value_field": "count"}

Near repeat

What this analysis is. Repeat and near repeat classification: Classify incidents as originators, repeats (same place) or near repeats within a distance and time window, with a Knox test table 11. In ArcGIS it is Repeat and Near Repeat Classification or Near Repeat Calculator 11.

Why it was run on this data. Near repeat analysis tests whether Wildlife sightings close in space also follow each other within 30 days 12.

What it found. Near repeat on Wildlife sightings: Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings (2000 features) 1013. It reported result, days 30; result, count 2,000; result, chains 72; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 29; result, pairs linked 87 13.

ResultValue
result, days30
result, count2,000
result, chains72
result, distance m200
result, elapsed ms29
result, pairs linked87
billing, cost0.11
billing, list price0.11
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Near repeat on Wildlife sightings: Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings (2000 features) 1013.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, days 30; result, count 2,000; result, chains 72; result, distance m 200; result, elapsed ms 29; result, pairs linked 87 13.

Tool gp_near_repeat; parameters {"days": 30, "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "distance_m": 200.0, "time_field": "observed_at"}

Change point detection

What this analysis is. Change point detection: When did the level, count, trend or variability change 14? For the whole study area or for every bin 14. In ArcGIS it is Change Point Detection 14.

Why it was run on this data. Change point detection finds when the monthly count of Wildlife sightings shifted 15.

What it found. The change point detection tool, gp_change_point_detection 6, was run using the Wildlife sightings data 10. The analysis confirmed that change point detection was done 6. The output indicated that there was no map output 6.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Change point detection on Wildlife sightings: Change point detection: done; no map output 610.

Tool gp_change_point_detection; parameters {"method": "count", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "interval": "month", "time_field": "observed_at"}

Hot spots

What this analysis is. Hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins 16. In ArcGIS it is Find Hot Spots or Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*); in QGIS, qgis:hotspot (plugin) 16.

Why it was run on this data. 40 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Camera traps are statistically significant 17.

What it found. Hot spots on Camera traps: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps (11 features) 1819. It reported result, bins 11; result, count 11; result, elapsed ms 3; result, cell size m 5,000; result, incidents used 40; result, distance band m 5,000 18.

ResultValue
result, bins11
result, count11
result, elapsed ms3
result, cell size m5,000
result, incidents used40
result, distance band m5,000
billing, cost0.0508
billing, list price0.0508
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Hot spots on Camera traps: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps (11 features) 1819.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, bins 11; result, count 11; result, elapsed ms 3; result, cell size m 5,000; result, incidents used 40; result, distance band m 5,000 18.

Tool gp_hot_spots; parameters {"project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Camera traps (2952931c)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon", "cell_size_m": 5000.0, "distance_band_m": 5000.0}

Hot spots

What this analysis is. Hot spot analysis: Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins 16. In ArcGIS it is Find Hot Spots or Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*); in QGIS, qgis:hotspot (plugin) 16.

Why it was run on this data. 2000 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Wildlife sightings are statistically significant 20.

What it found. Hot spots on Wildlife sightings: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings (2000 features) 1021. It reported result, count 2,000; result, elapsed ms 27; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 500; billing, cost 0.09; billing, list price 0.09 21.

ResultValue
result, count2,000
result, elapsed ms27
result, excluded null0
result, distance band m500
billing, cost0.09
billing, list price0.09
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Hot spots on Wildlife sightings: Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings (2000 features) 1021.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 2,000; result, elapsed ms 27; result, excluded null 0; result, distance band m 500; billing, cost 0.09; billing, list price 0.09 21.

Tool gp_hot_spots; parameters {"field": "count", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "aggregation": "hexagon", "cell_size_m": 500.0, "distance_band_m": 500.0}

Index change

What this analysis is. Spectral index change: Change of a spectral index (NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NBR …) or a band expression between two images: before, after and difference rasters, decrease / increase classes beyond the threshold with polygons and areas; NBR also gives dNBR with burn severity classes 22.

Why it was run on this data. Index change between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): the changed area, with the changed places as polygons 23.

What it found. Index change: Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 24. plus 1 more raster layer(s) 24. and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s) 24. mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha 185.28 24. It reported stats, polygons 984; stats, mean after 0.4592; stats, decrease ha 2,822; stats, increase ha 185.3; stats, mean before 0.5613; stats, masked pixels 0 24.

ResultValue
stats, polygons984
stats, mean after0.4592
stats, decrease ha2,822
stats, increase ha185.3
stats, mean before0.5613
stats, masked pixels0
stats, mean difference-0.1022
elapsed ms383

Findings

  • Evidenced: Index change: Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 24.
  • Evidenced: plus 1 more raster layer(s) 24.
  • Evidenced: and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s) 24.
  • Evidenced: mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha 185.28 24.
  • Evidenced: It reported stats, polygons 984; stats, mean after 0.4592; stats, decrease ha 2,822; stats, increase ha 185.3; stats, mean before 0.5613; stats, masked pixels 0 24.

A model draft was discarded because a sentence did not cite a source of this section.

Tool im_index_change; parameters {"after_id": "Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (f6387687)", "polygons": true, "before_id": "Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (de16b11c)"}

Compute change raster

What this analysis is. Compute change raster: Pixel value or spectral change between two co-registered images: difference, relative difference, absolute difference, log ratio (radar, dB), Euclidean spectral distance, spectral angle (radians) or the band with most change 25.

Why it was run on this data. A change raster between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): where and how much the pixels changed 26.

What it found. Compute change raster: Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 27. mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0 27. It reported stats, max 0.15; stats, min -0.04; stats, std 0.03381; stats, mean 0.01608; stats, masked pixels 0; elapsed ms 88 27.

ResultValue
stats, max0.15
stats, min-0.04
stats, std0.03381
stats, mean0.01608
stats, masked pixels0
elapsed ms88

Findings

  • Evidenced: Compute change raster: Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 27.
  • Evidenced: mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0 27.
  • Evidenced: It reported stats, max 0.15; stats, min -0.04; stats, std 0.03381; stats, mean 0.01608; stats, masked pixels 0; elapsed ms 88 27.

Tool im_compute_change_raster; parameters {"after_id": "Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (f6387687)", "before_id": "Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (de16b11c)"}

Calculate density

What this analysis is. Calculate density: Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid 28. In ArcGIS it is Calculate Density or Kernel Density; in QGIS, native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation 28.

Why it was run on this data. 25 points in Water points: a density surface shows where they concentrate 29.

What it found. The density calculation was performed on the Water points data 31. The process successfully created 1 layer and analyzed a total of 67 water points 30. Key metrics reported include a bandwidth of 2,000 meters, a cell size of 1,000 meters, and a maximum density of 1.208 per km² 30.

ResultValue
result, count67
result, elapsed ms3
result, bandwidth m2,000
result, cell size m1,000
result, excluded null0
result, max density per km21.208
billing, cost0.0505
billing, list price0.0505
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Calculate density on Water points: Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Water points (67 features) 3031.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 67; result, elapsed ms 3; result, bandwidth m 2,000; result, cell size m 1,000; result, excluded null 0; result, max density per km2 1.208 30.

Tool gp_calculate_density; parameters {"kernel": "quartic", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Water points (2b4e30e1)"}, "bandwidth_m": 2000.0, "cell_size_m": 1000.0}

Calculate density

What this analysis is. Calculate density: Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid 28. In ArcGIS it is Calculate Density or Kernel Density; in QGIS, native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation 28.

Why it was run on this data. 40 points in Camera traps: a density surface shows where they concentrate 32.

What it found. The density calculation, which utilized the Camera traps layer 19, reported a maximum density per km2 of 0.3737

ResultValue
result, count95
result, elapsed ms3
result, bandwidth m5,000
result, cell size m2,000
result, excluded null0
result, max density per km20.3737
billing, cost0.0508
billing, list price0.0508
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Calculate density on Camera traps: Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Camera traps (95 features) 1933.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 95; result, elapsed ms 3; result, bandwidth m 5,000; result, cell size m 2,000; result, excluded null 0; result, max density per km2 0.3737 33.

Tool gp_calculate_density; parameters {"kernel": "quartic", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Camera traps (2952931c)"}, "bandwidth_m": 5000.0, "cell_size_m": 2000.0}

Calculate density

What this analysis is. Calculate density: Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid 28. In ArcGIS it is Calculate Density or Kernel Density; in QGIS, native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation 28.

Why it was run on this data. 2000 points in Wildlife sightings: a density surface shows where they concentrate 34.

What it found. The density calculation was performed on the Wildlife sightings layer 10, yielding a result count of 3,384 35. The process successfully ran with an elapsed time of 92 milliseconds 35. The resulting surface covered a bandwidth of 500 meters and utilized a 200-meter cell size 35.

ResultValue
result, count3,384
result, elapsed ms92
result, bandwidth m500
result, cell size m200
result, excluded null0
result, max density per km2771.7
billing, cost0.09
billing, list price0.09
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Calculate density on Wildlife sightings: Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings (3384 features) 1035.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 3,384; result, elapsed ms 92; result, bandwidth m 500; result, cell size m 200; result, excluded null 0; result, max density per km2 771.7 35.

Tool gp_calculate_density; parameters {"kernel": "quartic", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "bandwidth_m": 500.0, "cell_size_m": 200.0, "weight_field": "count"}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 36. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 36.

Why it was run on this data. Count Water points inside each feature of Protected areas by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 37.

What it found. The gp_summarize_within tool was run using Water points 31 and

ResultValue
result, count5
result, elapsed ms0
billing, cost0.0106
billing, list price0.0106
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Water points, Protected areas: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features) 313839.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 5; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.0106; billing, list price 0.0106; billing, upstream cost 0 38.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [], "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Water points (2b4e30e1)"}, "group_by": "type", "polygons": {"layer": "Protected areas (446c314f)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 36. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 36.

Why it was run on this data. Count Water points inside each feature of Protected areas by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 37.

What it found. Summarize within on Camera traps, Protected areas: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features) 193940. It reported result, count 5; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.0109; billing, list price 0.0109; billing, upstream cost 0 40.

ResultValue
result, count5
result, elapsed ms0
billing, cost0.0109
billing, list price0.0109
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Camera traps, Protected areas: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features) 193940.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 5; result, elapsed ms 0; billing, cost 0.0109; billing, list price 0.0109; billing, upstream cost 0 40.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [], "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Camera traps (2952931c)"}, "group_by": "working", "polygons": {"layer": "Protected areas (446c314f)"}}

Summarize within

What this analysis is. Summarize within: Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons 36. In ArcGIS it is Summarize Within or Aggregate Points; in QGIS, native:countpointsinpolygon or native:sumlinelengths 36.

Why it was run on this data. Count Water points inside each feature of Protected areas by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors) 37.

What it found. The gp_summarize_within function was executed using Wildlife sightings 10 and Protected areas 39 as

ResultValue
result, count5
result, elapsed ms3
billing, cost0.05012
billing, list price0.05012
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Summarize within on Wildlife sightings, Protected areas: Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features) 103941.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 5; result, elapsed ms 3; billing, cost 0.05012; billing, list price 0.05012; billing, upstream cost 0 41.

Tool gp_summarize_within; parameters {"stats": [{"stat": "sum", "field": "count"}], "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "group_by": "species", "polygons": {"layer": "Protected areas (446c314f)"}}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 42. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 42.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Water points and separates noise 43.

What it found. Find point clusters on Water points: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Water points (25 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 3144. It reported result, count 25; result, noise 0; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 5; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0505 44.

ResultValue
result, count25
result, noise0
result, distance m2,000
result, elapsed ms5
result, min points3
billing, cost0.0505
billing, list price0.0505
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Water points: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Water points (25 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature) 3144.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 25; result, noise 0; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 5; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0505 44.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Water points (2b4e30e1)"}, "distance_m": 2000.0, "min_points": 3}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 42. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 42.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Camera traps and separates noise 45.

What it found. Find point clusters on Camera traps: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Camera traps (40 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features) 1946. It reported result, count 40; result, noise 3; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 2; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0508 46.

ResultValue
result, count40
result, noise3
result, distance m2,000
result, elapsed ms2
result, min points3
billing, cost0.0508
billing, list price0.0508
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Camera traps: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Camera traps (40 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features) 1946.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 40; result, noise 3; result, distance m 2,000; result, elapsed ms 2; result, min points 3; billing, cost 0.0508 46.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Camera traps (2952931c)"}, "distance_m": 2000.0, "min_points": 3}

Find point clusters

What this analysis is. Find point clusters: Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise 42. In ArcGIS it is Find Point Clusters or Density-based Clustering; in QGIS, native:dbscanclustering or native:stdbscanclustering 42.

Why it was run on this data. DBSCAN finds dense groups of Wildlife sightings and separates noise 47.

What it found. Find point clusters on Wildlife sightings: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings (2000 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (10 features) 1048. It reported result, count 2,000; result, noise 812; result, distance m 500; result, elapsed ms 208; result, min points 20; billing, cost 0.09 48.

ResultValue
result, count2,000
result, noise812
result, distance m500
result, elapsed ms208
result, min points20
billing, cost0.09
billing, list price0.09
billing, upstream cost0

Findings

  • Evidenced: Find point clusters on Wildlife sightings: Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings (2000 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (10 features) 1048.
  • Evidenced: It reported result, count 2,000; result, noise 812; result, distance m 500; result, elapsed ms 208; result, min points 20; billing, cost 0.09 48.

Tool gp_find_point_clusters; parameters {"method": "dbscan", "project": "750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02", "features": {"layer": "Wildlife sightings (49c8e07e)"}, "distance_m": 500.0, "min_points": 20}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 49. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 49.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 inside each feature of Protected areas 50.

What it found. The analysis utilized the Zonal statistics tool, identified as rs_zonal_statistics 51. The resulting zonal statistics summary documented 5 row(s) 51. This process analyzed the data across 5 zones 51.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 5 row(s) 51.
  • Evidenced: zones 5 51.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Protected areas (446c314f)", "raster_id": "Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (de16b11c)"}

Zonal statistics

What this analysis is. Zonal statistics: count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON 49. In ArcGIS it is Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons) 49.

Why it was run on this data. Statistics of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 inside each feature of Protected areas 50.

What it found. Zonal statistics were applied utilizing the rs_zonal_statistics tool 52. The tool summary indicates that the analysis resulted in 5 row(s) 52. Additionally, the analysis covered 5 zones 52.

Findings

  • Evidenced: Zonal statistics: Zonal statistics: 5 row(s) 52.
  • Evidenced: zones 5 52.

Tool rs_zonal_statistics; parameters {"stats": ["mean", "min", "max", "std"], "zones": "Protected areas (446c314f)", "raster_id": "Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (f6387687)"}

Index change

What this analysis is. Spectral index change: Change of a spectral index (NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NBR …) or a band expression between two images: before, after and difference rasters, decrease / increase classes beyond the threshold with polygons and areas; NBR also gives dNBR with burn severity classes 22.

Why it was run on this data. Index change between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): the changed area, with the changed places as polygons 23.

What it found. Index change: Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 53. plus 1 more raster layer(s) 53. and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s) 53. mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha 185.28 53. It reported stats, polygons 984; stats, mean after 0.4592; stats, decrease ha 2,822; stats, increase ha 185.3; stats, mean before 0.5613; stats, masked pixels 0 53.

ResultValue
stats, polygons984
stats, mean after0.4592
stats, decrease ha2,822
stats, increase ha185.3
stats, mean before0.5613
stats, masked pixels0
stats, mean difference-0.1022
elapsed ms500

Findings

  • Evidenced: Index change: Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 53.
  • Evidenced: plus 1 more raster layer(s) 53.
  • Evidenced: and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s) 53.
  • Evidenced: mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha 185.28 53.
  • Evidenced: It reported stats, polygons 984; stats, mean after 0.4592; stats, decrease ha 2,822; stats, increase ha 185.3; stats, mean before 0.5613; stats, masked pixels 0 53.

Tool im_index_change; parameters {"after_id": "Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (f6387687)", "polygons": true, "before_id": "Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (de16b11c)"}

Compute change raster

What this analysis is. Compute change raster: Pixel value or spectral change between two co-registered images: difference, relative difference, absolute difference, log ratio (radar, dB), Euclidean spectral distance, spectral angle (radians) or the band with most change 25.

Why it was run on this data. A change raster between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): where and how much the pixels changed 26.

What it found. Compute change raster: Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 54. mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0 54. It reported stats, max 0.15; stats, min -0.04; stats, std 0.03381; stats, mean 0.01608; stats, masked pixels 0; elapsed ms 124 54.

ResultValue
stats, max0.15
stats, min-0.04
stats, std0.03381
stats, mean0.01608
stats, masked pixels0
elapsed ms124

Findings

  • Evidenced: Compute change raster: Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m) 54.
  • Evidenced: mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0 54.
  • Evidenced: It reported stats, max 0.15; stats, min -0.04; stats, std 0.03381; stats, mean 0.01608; stats, masked pixels 0; elapsed ms 124 54.

Tool im_compute_change_raster; parameters {"after_id": "Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (f6387687)", "before_id": "Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (de16b11c)"}

Maps and charts

The run also made 25 map image(s) 55565758596061626364656667686970717273747576777879 and 25 chart(s) 8081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104.

Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings
Figure 2. Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings 55
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings
Figure 3. Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings 56
Hot spot analysis: Camera traps
Figure 4. Hot spot analysis: Camera traps 57
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings
Figure 5. Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings 58
NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Figure 6. NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 59
NDVI decrease / increase
Figure 7. NDVI decrease / increase 60
NDVI change polygons
Figure 8. NDVI change polygons 61
Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Figure 9. Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 62
Calculate density: Water points
Figure 10. Calculate density: Water points 63
Calculate density: Camera traps
Figure 11. Calculate density: Camera traps 64
Calculate density: Wildlife sightings
Figure 12. Calculate density: Wildlife sightings 65
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 13. Summarize within: Protected areas 66
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 14. Summarize within: Protected areas 67
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 15. Summarize within: Protected areas 68
Find point clusters: Water points
Figure 16. Find point clusters: Water points 69
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 17. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 70
Find point clusters: Camera traps
Figure 18. Find point clusters: Camera traps 71
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 19. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 72
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings
Figure 20. Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings 73
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 21. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 74
Protected areas by area_km2
Figure 22. Protected areas by area_km2 75
Change Analysis: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Figure 23. Change Analysis: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 76
Change Analysis: NDVI decrease / increase
Figure 24. Change Analysis: NDVI decrease / increase 77
Change Analysis: NDVI change polygons
Figure 25. Change Analysis: NDVI change polygons 78
Change Analysis: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15
Figure 26. Change Analysis: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 79

What the map shows. The map illustrates the presence of potential wildlife hot spots based on the 55

Inferred: read from the image by gemma4:e4b, not evidence.

Camera traps over time (installed_year)
Figure 27. Camera traps over time (installed_year) 80. Source: Camera traps (40 features). The data is in the appendix.
Patrol tracks over time (date)
Figure 28. Patrol tracks over time (date) 81. Per month, 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01. Source: Patrol tracks (150 features). The data is in the appendix.
Patrol effort by month over time (month)
Figure 29. Patrol effort by month over time (month) 82. Per month, 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01. Source: Patrol effort by month (120 features). The data is in the appendix.
Transect counts by year over time (year)
Figure 30. Transect counts by year over time (year) 83. Per quarter, 2018-01-01 to 2025-01-01. Source: Transect counts by year (256 features). The data is in the appendix.
Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings
Figure 31. Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings 84. Source: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings (187 features). The data is in the appendix.
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings
Figure 32. Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings 85. Per quarter, 2020-01-01 to 2025-10-01. Source: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Camera traps
Figure 33. Hot spot analysis: Camera traps 86. Source: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps (11 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings
Figure 34. Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings 87. Period: 2020-01-03 to 2025-12-30 (observed_at). Source: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.
NDVI change polygons
Figure 35. NDVI change polygons 88. Source: NDVI change polygons (984 features). The data is in the appendix.
Calculate density: Water points
Figure 36. Calculate density: Water points 89. Source: Calculate density: Water points (67 features). The data is in the appendix.
Calculate density: Camera traps
Figure 37. Calculate density: Camera traps 90. Source: Calculate density: Camera traps (95 features). The data is in the appendix.
Calculate density: Wildlife sightings
Figure 38. Calculate density: Wildlife sightings 91. Source: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings (3,384 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 39. Summarize within: Protected areas 92. Source: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 40. Summarize within: Protected areas 93. Source: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). The data is in the appendix.
Summarize within: Protected areas
Figure 41. Summarize within: Protected areas 94. Source: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Water points
Figure 42. Find point clusters: Water points 95. Source: Find point clusters: Water points (25 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 43. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 96. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Camera traps
Figure 44. Find point clusters: Camera traps 97. Source: Find point clusters: Camera traps (40 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 45. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 98. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings
Figure 46. Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings 99. Period: 2020-01-03 to 2025-12-30 (observed_at). Source: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: cluster hulls
Figure 47. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 100. Source: Find point clusters: cluster hulls (10 features). The data is in the appendix.
NDVI change polygons
Figure 48. NDVI change polygons 101. Source: NDVI change polygons (984 features). The data is in the appendix.
Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over time
Figure 49. Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over time 102. Per quarter, 2020-01-01 to 2025-10-01. Source: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.
Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over time
Figure 50. Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over time 103. Per quarter, 2020-01-01 to 2025-10-01. Source: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.
Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over time
Figure 51. Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over time 104. Per quarter, 2020-01-01 to 2025-10-01. Source: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings (2,000 features). The data is in the appendix.

Changes since the last run

This is the first report of this project.

Sources

  1. 1Rendering: Chart: Timeline: events per quarter by dataset. 128 rows id 0724d535-2e2e-4bb7-b82c-698b724a5b84
  2. 2Dataset: Wildlife sightings. vector, 2000 rows id 9a6b5c20-62ec-407e-8ddc-4a0caffd3d78
  3. 3Dataset: Patrol tracks. vector, 150 rows id 814d9a40-6257-4402-aefd-0471b089fe13
  4. 4Dataset: Patrol effort by month. table, 120 rows id 7ff2c071-222a-49b6-9c45-0ab36a6fa275
  5. 5Dataset: Transect counts by year. table, 256 rows id 19804e2c-33c7-475b-976e-0a261338d7ca
  6. 6Tool result: gp_change_point_detection, step 2. Change point detection: done; no map output. id ae9291dd-465c-483c-82b1-be209e5ed950:2
  7. 7Catalog: Emerging hot spots (operation catalog, gp_space_time_hot_spots). Where hot spots are new, consecutive, intensifying, persistent, diminishing, sporadic, oscillating or historical over time. ArcGIS: Emerging Hot Spot Analysis, Create Space Time Cube. id gp_space_time_hot_spots
  8. 8Plan: Space time hot spots of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_410f48d3d771). Wildlife sightings carry dates in 'observed_at': emerging hot spot analysis finds new, intensifying and fading hot spots per month. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_410f48d3d771
  9. 9Tool result: gp_space_time_hot_spots, step 0. Emerging hot spots: 1 layer saved: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings (187 features). id ae9291dd-465c-483c-82b1-be209e5ed950:0
  10. 10Layer: Wildlife sightings. 2,000 features id 49c8e07e-b766-4e5c-87e7-a09af4f67da6
  11. 11Catalog: Repeat and near repeat classification (operation catalog, gp_near_repeat). Classify incidents as originators, repeats (same place) or near repeats within a distance and time window, with a Knox test table. ArcGIS: Repeat and Near Repeat Classification, Near Repeat Calculator. id gp_near_repeat
  12. 12Plan: Near repeat of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_90899865dc1b). Near repeat analysis tests whether Wildlife sightings close in space also follow each other within 30 days. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_90899865dc1b
  13. 13Tool result: gp_near_repeat, step 1. Repeat and near repeat classification: 1 layer saved: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings (2000 features). id ae9291dd-465c-483c-82b1-be209e5ed950:1
  14. 14Catalog: Change point detection (operation catalog, gp_change_point_detection). When did the level, count, trend or variability change? For the whole study area or for every bin. ArcGIS: Change Point Detection. id gp_change_point_detection
  15. 15Plan: Change points of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_732496fb9369). Change point detection finds when the monthly count of Wildlife sightings shifted. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_732496fb9369
  16. 16Catalog: Hot spot analysis (operation catalog, gp_hot_spots). Getis-Ord Gi* hot and cold spots with z-scores, p-values and confidence bins. ArcGIS: Find Hot Spots, Hot Spot Analysis (Getis-Ord Gi*). QGIS: qgis:hotspot (plugin). id gp_hot_spots
  17. 17Plan: Hot spots of Camera traps (the Start plan's candidate c_7aa48c367385). 40 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Camera traps are statistically significant. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_7aa48c367385
  18. 18Tool result: gp_hot_spots, step 0. Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps (11 features). id c80e3725-e679-4389-b91c-8fcf60553593:0
  19. 19Layer: Camera traps. 40 features id 2952931c-dfd9-4179-ac00-717ec101503d
  20. 20Plan: Hot spots of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_1dd1e67c3631). 2000 points: Getis-Ord Gi* tests whether the concentrations in Wildlife sightings are statistically significant. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_1dd1e67c3631
  21. 21Tool result: gp_hot_spots, step 1. Hot spot analysis: 1 layer saved: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings (2000 features). id c80e3725-e679-4389-b91c-8fcf60553593:1
  22. 22Catalog: Spectral index change (analysis catalog, im_index_change). Change of a spectral index (NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NBR ...) or a band expression between two images: before, after and difference rasters, decrease / increase classes beyond the threshold with polygons and areas; NBR also gives dNBR with burn severity classes. id im_index_change
  23. 23Plan: Index change of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (the Start plan's candidate c_f9c63f3ce298). Index change between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): the changed area, with the changed places as polygons. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_f9c63f3ce298
  24. 24Tool result: im_index_change, step 0. Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m). plus 1 more raster layer(s). and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s). mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha id 25b17de9-ec4a-4fc2-a10c-3cc5543c313b:0
  25. 25Catalog: Compute change raster (analysis catalog, im_compute_change_raster). Pixel value or spectral change between two co-registered images: difference, relative difference, absolute difference, log ratio (radar, dB), Euclidean spectral distance, spectral angle (radians) or the band with most change. Clouds and shadows are masked when the images have id im_compute_change_raster
  26. 26Plan: Compute change raster of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (the Start plan's candidate c_64fec8a79a74). A change raster between Habitat scene 2020-09-15 (2020-09-15) and Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (2025-09-15): where and how much the pixels changed. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_64fec8a79a74
  27. 27Tool result: im_compute_change_raster, step 1. Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m). mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0. id 25b17de9-ec4a-4fc2-a10c-3cc5543c313b:1
  28. 28Catalog: Calculate density (operation catalog, gp_calculate_density). Kernel density per square kilometer on a grid. ArcGIS: Calculate Density, Kernel Density. QGIS: native:heatmapkerneldensityestimation. id gp_calculate_density
  29. 29Plan: Kernel density of Water points (the Start plan's candidate c_8769ce6eb6cd). 25 points in Water points: a density surface shows where they concentrate. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_8769ce6eb6cd
  30. 30Tool result: gp_calculate_density, step 0. Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Water points (67 features). id 01964fe7-6064-4d8e-821d-2f1fc44a40a7:0
  31. 31Layer: Water points. 25 features id 2b4e30e1-0347-4c58-b093-eb060c234f8b
  32. 32Plan: Kernel density of Camera traps (the Start plan's candidate c_04d8c646d639). 40 points in Camera traps: a density surface shows where they concentrate. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_04d8c646d639
  33. 33Tool result: gp_calculate_density, step 1. Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Camera traps (95 features). id 01964fe7-6064-4d8e-821d-2f1fc44a40a7:1
  34. 34Plan: Kernel density of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_e2212fdd849b). 2000 points in Wildlife sightings: a density surface shows where they concentrate. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_e2212fdd849b
  35. 35Tool result: gp_calculate_density, step 2. Calculate density: 1 layer saved: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings (3384 features). id 01964fe7-6064-4d8e-821d-2f1fc44a40a7:2
  36. 36Catalog: Summarize within (operation catalog, gp_summarize_within). Count and aggregate the features inside each polygon (or bin), proportionally for lines and polygons. ArcGIS: Summarize Within, Aggregate Points. QGIS: native:countpointsinpolygon, native:sumlinelengths. id gp_summarize_within
  37. 37Plan: Water points per feature of Protected areas (the Start plan's candidate c_04513400fd64). Count Water points inside each feature of Protected areas by type; the counts map as a choropleth (natural breaks, sequential colors). id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_04513400fd64
  38. 38Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 0. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). id 6776e53d-c51a-4c30-9da5-d711d9628f48:0
  39. 39Layer: Protected areas. 5 features id 446c314f-bc35-4126-af57-469e6d5aa55b
  40. 40Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 1. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). id 6776e53d-c51a-4c30-9da5-d711d9628f48:1
  41. 41Tool result: gp_summarize_within, step 2. Summarize within: 1 layer saved: Summarize within: Protected areas (5 features). id 6776e53d-c51a-4c30-9da5-d711d9628f48:2
  42. 42Catalog: Find point clusters (operation catalog, gp_find_point_clusters). Density-based clusters (DBSCAN, HDBSCAN or OPTICS, optionally space-time) with hulls and noise. ArcGIS: Find Point Clusters, Density-based Clustering. QGIS: native:dbscanclustering, native:stdbscanclustering. id gp_find_point_clusters
  43. 43Plan: Cluster points of Water points (the Start plan's candidate c_e10b266f027d). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Water points and separates noise. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_e10b266f027d
  44. 44Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 0. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Water points (25 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (1 feature). id 0c30535f-d016-409b-b4ab-3f26aba08abc:0
  45. 45Plan: Cluster points of Camera traps (the Start plan's candidate c_008a367bf2dc). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Camera traps and separates noise. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_008a367bf2dc
  46. 46Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 1. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Camera traps (40 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (2 features). id 0c30535f-d016-409b-b4ab-3f26aba08abc:1
  47. 47Plan: Cluster points of Wildlife sightings (the Start plan's candidate c_5e77fd8554c0). DBSCAN finds dense groups of Wildlife sightings and separates noise. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_5e77fd8554c0
  48. 48Tool result: gp_find_point_clusters, step 2. Find point clusters: 2 layers saved: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings (2000 features); Find point clusters: cluster hulls (10 features). id 0c30535f-d016-409b-b4ab-3f26aba08abc:2
  49. 49Catalog: Zonal statistics (analysis catalog, rs_zonal_statistics). count/min/max/mean/std/sum/median/majority per polygon as a table and as GeoJSON. ArcGIS: Zonal Statistics as Table (polygons). id rs_zonal_statistics
  50. 50Plan: Zonal statistics of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 and Protected areas (the Start plan's candidate c_70c74078ffd8). Statistics of Habitat scene 2020-09-15 inside each feature of Protected areas. id 41c286e6-f1de-4fb3-ab1e-55065e9e3167:c_70c74078ffd8
  51. 51Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 0. Zonal statistics: 5 row(s). zones 5. id 0285f5a2-ee85-41f6-8973-17e457b19d16:0
  52. 52Tool result: rs_zonal_statistics, step 1. Zonal statistics: 5 row(s). zones 5. id 0285f5a2-ee85-41f6-8973-17e457b19d16:1
  53. 53Tool result: im_index_change, step 0. Spectral index change: created NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m). plus 1 more raster layer(s). and layer NDVI change polygons with 984 feature(s). mean before 0.5613; mean after 0.4592; mean difference -0.1022; decrease ha 2,822; increase ha id d6cae56b-660a-4f0f-8c67-4f9de89853d8:0
  54. 54Tool result: im_compute_change_raster, step 1. Compute change raster: created Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 (300 x 250 cells, 40.00 m). mean 0.01608; std 0.03381; min -0.04; max 0.15; masked pixels 0. id d6cae56b-660a-4f0f-8c67-4f9de89853d8:1
  55. 55Rendering: Map: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings id 9c331cfd-4983-4a73-9cb8-323c32e4aa1a
  56. 56Rendering: Map: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings id 54dedce7-b568-41ed-8a3e-2f16e78eef00
  57. 57Rendering: Map: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps id cccc83e3-4db7-4fb9-8950-5bb38a673af5
  58. 58Rendering: Map: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings id 10d58a93-f8d6-4c71-9a15-b562b40f6767
  59. 59Rendering: Map: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 id 8d6f1690-5b0d-4f4b-a7cd-cd5c4e8cf6ad
  60. 60Rendering: Map: NDVI decrease / increase id 15ba8d9d-bf64-4548-aaea-5c255f214c41
  61. 61Rendering: Map: NDVI change polygons id 940f75e7-4b4a-480a-8452-4e0055c12596
  62. 62Rendering: Map: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 id d642c322-d610-40f6-a2a4-680edf061662
  63. 63Rendering: Map: Calculate density: Water points id 5d0cbf7a-68de-42e2-ac67-cc0feb01919f
  64. 64Rendering: Map: Calculate density: Camera traps id 0131588b-7e0d-44b3-857c-6b7e3c992904
  65. 65Rendering: Map: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings id 4a1dfe19-c4df-4468-8985-e90b8be9a66a
  66. 66Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Protected areas id 8d6cfb31-1e7a-46c0-8b3b-14fcca86feb3
  67. 67Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Protected areas id ab4707fc-4ac2-4e7f-aace-3c12d9aefc49
  68. 68Rendering: Map: Summarize within: Protected areas id e92c8c09-d62d-4c61-a41e-9eab93106689
  69. 69Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Water points id 2ef976fe-c86c-4852-8d50-e2334804cffb
  70. 70Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id f0f01aa8-ceb0-4578-8cee-1fc54b125c7f
  71. 71Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Camera traps id 68fe64f6-4d5e-4456-b415-8b0c5e137963
  72. 72Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id 6fd1e101-3103-4507-8297-e61eceb58e4c
  73. 73Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings id e4f56f90-c90d-4bb8-8df9-27afdf318b33
  74. 74Rendering: Map: Find point clusters: cluster hulls id d1316f24-5049-469b-85c8-67c1984de3ec
  75. 75Rendering: Map: Protected areas by area_km2 id ac009abe-f117-45f7-bd9a-48427ea82fb6
  76. 76Rendering: Map: Change Analysis: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 id 8e0b0fa2-feed-49ea-ad2a-f565d878327d
  77. 77Rendering: Map: Change Analysis: NDVI decrease / increase id 91e47706-6cbf-4b9c-8ad1-484d35b3c7c6
  78. 78Rendering: Map: Change Analysis: NDVI change polygons id c91b140f-5f07-4863-a6c6-4e2c84bba5c8
  79. 79Rendering: Map: Change Analysis: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15 id 005f6107-414f-4f41-87b6-5198fc10e839
  80. 80Rendering: Chart: Camera traps over time (installed_year). 1 rows id 11efc874-2e1c-49fb-8011-bc470de56923
  81. 81Rendering: Chart: Patrol tracks over time (date). 72 rows id 566504c3-02f8-45bc-a5af-5d3cfd7b26b1
  82. 82Rendering: Chart: Patrol effort by month over time (month). 120 rows id d26c312f-f3e6-410e-a665-caa60c2be84e
  83. 83Rendering: Chart: Transect counts by year over time (year). 116 rows id f30bd747-c4d1-4069-8332-200a119caf4a
  84. 84Rendering: Chart: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings. 9 rows id 336187f6-9aa6-4fdb-a2b2-bcbd01a6d11f
  85. 85Rendering: Chart: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings. 144 rows id dfae20b3-c296-4b80-83de-7c8cfc621e38
  86. 86Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps. 6 rows id 632e8a2c-1eff-4f6a-985c-67a89d6a4947
  87. 87Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings. 18 rows id 05576c19-da08-403f-8daa-289e88599168
  88. 88Rendering: Chart: NDVI change polygons. 11 rows id af589c3a-4e8f-4939-be0e-214f2b289c2e
  89. 89Rendering: Chart: Calculate density: Water points. 8 rows id 789e658b-0a46-4ccb-bb9f-0605baba7590
  90. 90Rendering: Chart: Calculate density: Camera traps. 8 rows id 194574a5-7da8-4372-9aab-0ed2c503366c
  91. 91Rendering: Chart: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings. 13 rows id 79663709-0cd5-4172-bc17-e223c6dbe444
  92. 92Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 rows id 8141e260-100f-4d40-bc34-7e64674372da
  93. 93Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 rows id 5b5cde74-67ec-4fb8-99ab-8c31a9c6e86e
  94. 94Rendering: Chart: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 rows id c0ce8baf-5831-4348-9566-b519e6175395
  95. 95Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Water points. 1 rows id 9cf9975c-ea09-45a0-bdad-c7265f897ff2
  96. 96Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 rows id 8da356a8-27a4-4bb9-84c2-9620eac3b532
  97. 97Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Camera traps. 3 rows id 89f781cf-b6ae-46e1-81a8-a915a2588c57
  98. 98Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 2 rows id 64aebe57-1b31-48ca-9fc9-5f83f833cc53
  99. 99Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings. 11 rows id 6b044701-7146-43e9-9a25-9a912c844922
  100. 100Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 10 rows id da54ed0a-3d83-4640-bf04-d09c9c2ab1f2
  101. 101Rendering: Chart: NDVI change polygons. 11 rows id 6ae7db91-618b-4063-9d4a-e4c147eb49cc
  102. 102Rendering: Chart: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over time. 144 rows id c0d9a68a-73b7-4840-9446-0e8a318f3bdd
  103. 103Rendering: Chart: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over time. 144 rows id 78f16216-e0fa-4a2f-9c0a-c0f2476bc9a0
  104. 104Rendering: Chart: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over time. 144 rows id 3241845c-4265-44df-bc31-31e0200b158c
  105. 105Dataset: Protected areas. vector, 5 rows id 1e486b97-508d-4337-ae50-e69a1b8ffb02
  106. 106Dataset: River channels. vector, 2 rows id 7315f4d9-c391-406c-bed2-14d9ab7690f0
  107. 107Dataset: Camera traps. vector, 40 rows id 6baeccec-3617-4b56-be6a-c455cd0fbafb
  108. 108Dataset: Water points. vector, 25 rows id 03d16489-5533-4abf-ac13-90fb1db77364
  109. 109Dataset: Habitat scene 2020-09-15. raster, ? rows id 5d31a198-7af1-43ff-b987-95e63692238f
  110. 110Dataset: Habitat scene 2025-09-15. raster, ? rows id c4cf3368-47bc-4215-9a15-2e33536e69ae
  111. 111Dataset: Annual wildlife monitoring report. document, ? rows id bc1ed059-741b-47ee-9e3d-4ea6e56612e1
  112. 112Record: Sample: Conservation, Okavango Delta near Maun id 750b4ce3-8424-4738-b383-c6a58973ae02
  113. 113Layer: Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings. 187 features id 25f740dd-9467-44c8-ac92-0b3093bb596c
  114. 114Layer: Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings. 2,000 features id b3ca8ebf-0745-4ec4-8a45-bbe2a690f0db
  115. 115Layer: Hot spot analysis: Camera traps. 11 features id e7a89409-c9ed-463d-823f-677e22ab631c
  116. 116Layer: Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings. 2,000 features id f319351b-b79e-40cc-af73-16512c8cd363
  117. 117Layer: NDVI change Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15. 0 features id 1e7295c4-437f-4592-ae40-ba4bbdb0717b
  118. 118Layer: NDVI decrease / increase. 0 features id 92900ecf-ab3e-4b43-b4cf-6b08b036e3fe
  119. 119Layer: NDVI change polygons. 984 features id bf42f4f1-8b33-44ec-966f-18e38ceabf89
  120. 120Layer: Difference Habitat scene 2020-09-15 to Habitat scene 2025-09-15. 0 features id 33686ef4-9edd-4167-a443-df679ae27b18
  121. 121Layer: Calculate density: Water points. 67 features id 7b558d2e-7e39-420e-9603-d53f4706d94e
  122. 122Layer: Calculate density: Camera traps. 95 features id 087d5d69-2b6f-47bb-9d24-4ebfe7828e43
  123. 123Layer: Calculate density: Wildlife sightings. 3,384 features id 5109f215-01e5-45df-bd1a-8d7fd591dbd4
  124. 124Layer: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 features id 31880463-9414-41cb-b944-378bf5fd3fbd
  125. 125Layer: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 features id cd5df3dd-2597-4703-9f13-db82b5b55d6f
  126. 126Layer: Summarize within: Protected areas. 5 features id 83d77110-e66e-43fa-a592-e7204275b8e2
  127. 127Layer: Find point clusters: Water points. 25 features id c0112b91-150f-4a55-a360-f76b0bd99a95
  128. 128Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 1 features id 24c2763d-d1eb-4805-91d1-cbfd5661bad4
  129. 129Layer: Find point clusters: Camera traps. 40 features id 4649022a-052c-47f0-b5f3-ea841d10a2ce
  130. 130Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 2 features id 69fa523b-63c9-49ac-b08f-33713597df34
  131. 131Layer: Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings. 2,000 features id 6c25135b-35a1-4dc6-9bad-5e2bb9a95460
  132. 132Layer: Find point clusters: cluster hulls. 10 features id 7326560f-58fb-4bab-867c-48455d3e5469
  133. 133Layer: NDVI change polygons. 984 features id d12c4629-9f52-437d-be16-1038367b3ca0
Appendix: the data behind the chartsShow

Figure 1. Timeline: events per quarter by dataset 1

periodseriesvalue
2018-01-01Wildlife sightings0
2018-01-01Transect counts by year32
2018-01-01Patrol tracks0
2018-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2018-04-01Wildlife sightings0
2018-04-01Transect counts by year0
2018-04-01Patrol tracks0
2018-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2018-07-01Wildlife sightings0
2018-07-01Transect counts by year0
2018-07-01Patrol tracks0
2018-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2018-10-01Wildlife sightings0
2018-10-01Transect counts by year0
2018-10-01Patrol tracks0
2018-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2019-01-01Wildlife sightings0
2019-01-01Transect counts by year32
2019-01-01Patrol tracks0
2019-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2019-04-01Wildlife sightings0
2019-04-01Transect counts by year0
2019-04-01Patrol tracks0
2019-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2019-07-01Wildlife sightings0
2019-07-01Transect counts by year0
2019-07-01Patrol tracks0
2019-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2019-10-01Wildlife sightings0
2019-10-01Transect counts by year0
2019-10-01Patrol tracks0
2019-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2020-01-01Wildlife sightings50
2020-01-01Transect counts by year32
2020-01-01Patrol tracks0
2020-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2020-04-01Wildlife sightings56
2020-04-01Transect counts by year0
2020-04-01Patrol tracks0
2020-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2020-07-01Wildlife sightings101
2020-07-01Transect counts by year0
2020-07-01Patrol tracks0
2020-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2020-10-01Wildlife sightings82
2020-10-01Transect counts by year0
2020-10-01Patrol tracks0
2020-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2021-01-01Wildlife sightings61
2021-01-01Transect counts by year32
2021-01-01Patrol tracks0
2021-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2021-04-01Wildlife sightings91
2021-04-01Transect counts by year0
2021-04-01Patrol tracks0
2021-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2021-07-01Wildlife sightings108
2021-07-01Transect counts by year0
2021-07-01Patrol tracks0
2021-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2021-10-01Wildlife sightings94
2021-10-01Transect counts by year0
2021-10-01Patrol tracks0
2021-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2022-01-01Wildlife sightings56
2022-01-01Transect counts by year32
2022-01-01Patrol tracks0
2022-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2022-04-01Wildlife sightings85
2022-04-01Transect counts by year0
2022-04-01Patrol tracks0
2022-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2022-07-01Wildlife sightings117
2022-07-01Transect counts by year0
2022-07-01Patrol tracks0
2022-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2022-10-01Wildlife sightings113
2022-10-01Transect counts by year0
2022-10-01Patrol tracks0
2022-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2023-01-01Wildlife sightings67
2023-01-01Transect counts by year32
2023-01-01Patrol tracks0
2023-01-01Patrol effort by month0
2023-04-01Wildlife sightings64
2023-04-01Transect counts by year0
2023-04-01Patrol tracks0
2023-04-01Patrol effort by month0
2023-07-01Wildlife sightings96
2023-07-01Transect counts by year0
2023-07-01Patrol tracks0
2023-07-01Patrol effort by month0
2023-10-01Wildlife sightings104
2023-10-01Transect counts by year0
2023-10-01Patrol tracks0
2023-10-01Patrol effort by month0
2024-01-01Wildlife sightings50
2024-01-01Transect counts by year32
2024-01-01Patrol tracks24
2024-01-01Patrol effort by month15
2024-04-01Wildlife sightings73
2024-04-01Transect counts by year0
2024-04-01Patrol tracks20
2024-04-01Patrol effort by month15
2024-07-01Wildlife sightings94
2024-07-01Transect counts by year0
2024-07-01Patrol tracks15
2024-07-01Patrol effort by month15
2024-10-01Wildlife sightings85
2024-10-01Transect counts by year0
2024-10-01Patrol tracks22
2024-10-01Patrol effort by month15
2025-01-01Wildlife sightings67
2025-01-01Transect counts by year32
2025-01-01Patrol tracks23
2025-01-01Patrol effort by month15
2025-04-01Wildlife sightings73
2025-04-01Transect counts by year0
2025-04-01Patrol tracks22
2025-04-01Patrol effort by month15
2025-07-01Wildlife sightings119
2025-07-01Transect counts by year0
2025-07-01Patrol tracks12
2025-07-01Patrol effort by month15
2025-10-01Wildlife sightings94
2025-10-01Transect counts by year0
2025-10-01Patrol tracks12
2025-10-01Patrol effort by month15

Figure 27. Camera traps over time (installed_year) 80

bin_startbin_endcount
2,0202,02040

Figure 28. Patrol tracks over time (date) 81

periodseriesvalue
2024-01-01Alpha5
2024-01-01Charlie2
2024-01-01Bravo3
2024-02-01Alpha4
2024-02-01Charlie1
2024-02-01Bravo3
2024-03-01Alpha2
2024-03-01Charlie3
2024-03-01Bravo1
2024-04-01Alpha0
2024-04-01Charlie2
2024-04-01Bravo0
2024-05-01Alpha3
2024-05-01Charlie4
2024-05-01Bravo4
2024-06-01Alpha0
2024-06-01Charlie3
2024-06-01Bravo4
2024-07-01Alpha1
2024-07-01Charlie0
2024-07-01Bravo0
2024-08-01Alpha3
2024-08-01Charlie3
2024-08-01Bravo0
2024-09-01Alpha3
2024-09-01Charlie2
2024-09-01Bravo3
2024-10-01Alpha3
2024-10-01Charlie2
2024-10-01Bravo2
2024-11-01Alpha1
2024-11-01Charlie2
2024-11-01Bravo3
2024-12-01Alpha3
2024-12-01Charlie3
2024-12-01Bravo3
2025-01-01Alpha5
2025-01-01Charlie1
2025-01-01Bravo2
2025-02-01Alpha2
2025-02-01Charlie2
2025-02-01Bravo1
2025-03-01Alpha5
2025-03-01Charlie4
2025-03-01Bravo1
2025-04-01Alpha1
2025-04-01Charlie2
2025-04-01Bravo0
2025-05-01Alpha3
2025-05-01Charlie3
2025-05-01Bravo1
2025-06-01Alpha7
2025-06-01Charlie1
2025-06-01Bravo4
2025-07-01Alpha3
2025-07-01Charlie0
2025-07-01Bravo1
2025-08-01Alpha3
2025-08-01Charlie1
2025-08-01Bravo0
2025-09-01Alpha0
2025-09-01Charlie2
2025-09-01Bravo2
2025-10-01Alpha2
2025-10-01Charlie2
2025-10-01Bravo2
2025-11-01Alpha1
2025-11-01Charlie1
2025-11-01Bravo0
2025-12-01Alpha3
2025-12-01Charlie0
2025-12-01Bravo1

Figure 29. Patrol effort by month over time (month) 82

periodseriesvalue
2024-01-01PA11
2024-01-01PA21
2024-01-01PA31
2024-01-01PA41
2024-01-01PA51
2024-02-01PA11
2024-02-01PA21
2024-02-01PA31
2024-02-01PA41
2024-02-01PA51
2024-03-01PA11
2024-03-01PA21
2024-03-01PA31
2024-03-01PA41
2024-03-01PA51
2024-04-01PA11
2024-04-01PA21
2024-04-01PA31
2024-04-01PA41
2024-04-01PA51
2024-05-01PA11
2024-05-01PA21
2024-05-01PA31
2024-05-01PA41
2024-05-01PA51
2024-06-01PA11
2024-06-01PA21
2024-06-01PA31
2024-06-01PA41
2024-06-01PA51
2024-07-01PA11
2024-07-01PA21
2024-07-01PA31
2024-07-01PA41
2024-07-01PA51
2024-08-01PA11
2024-08-01PA21
2024-08-01PA31
2024-08-01PA41
2024-08-01PA51
2024-09-01PA11
2024-09-01PA21
2024-09-01PA31
2024-09-01PA41
2024-09-01PA51
2024-10-01PA11
2024-10-01PA21
2024-10-01PA31
2024-10-01PA41
2024-10-01PA51
2024-11-01PA11
2024-11-01PA21
2024-11-01PA31
2024-11-01PA41
2024-11-01PA51
2024-12-01PA11
2024-12-01PA21
2024-12-01PA31
2024-12-01PA41
2024-12-01PA51
2025-01-01PA11
2025-01-01PA21
2025-01-01PA31
2025-01-01PA41
2025-01-01PA51
2025-02-01PA11
2025-02-01PA21
2025-02-01PA31
2025-02-01PA41
2025-02-01PA51
2025-03-01PA11
2025-03-01PA21
2025-03-01PA31
2025-03-01PA41
2025-03-01PA51
2025-04-01PA11
2025-04-01PA21
2025-04-01PA31
2025-04-01PA41
2025-04-01PA51
2025-05-01PA11
2025-05-01PA21
2025-05-01PA31
2025-05-01PA41
2025-05-01PA51
2025-06-01PA11
2025-06-01PA21
2025-06-01PA31
2025-06-01PA41
2025-06-01PA51
2025-07-01PA11
2025-07-01PA21
2025-07-01PA31
2025-07-01PA41
2025-07-01PA51
2025-08-01PA11
2025-08-01PA21
2025-08-01PA31
2025-08-01PA41
2025-08-01PA51
2025-09-01PA11
2025-09-01PA21
2025-09-01PA31
2025-09-01PA41
2025-09-01PA51
2025-10-01PA11
2025-10-01PA21
2025-10-01PA31
2025-10-01PA41
2025-10-01PA51
2025-11-01PA11
2025-11-01PA21
2025-11-01PA31
2025-11-01PA41
2025-11-01PA51
2025-12-01PA11
2025-12-01PA21
2025-12-01PA31
2025-12-01PA41
2025-12-01PA51

Figure 30. Transect counts by year over time (year) 83

periodseriesvalue
2018-01-01red lechwe1,169
2018-01-01buffalo839
2018-01-01elephant309
2018-01-01giraffe110
2018-04-01red lechwe0
2018-04-01buffalo0
2018-04-01elephant0
2018-04-01giraffe0
2018-07-01red lechwe0
2018-07-01buffalo0
2018-07-01elephant0
2018-07-01giraffe0
2018-10-01red lechwe0
2018-10-01buffalo0
2018-10-01elephant0
2018-10-01giraffe0
2019-01-01red lechwe698
2019-01-01buffalo804
2019-01-01elephant372
2019-01-01giraffe90
2019-04-01red lechwe0
2019-04-01buffalo0
2019-04-01elephant0
2019-04-01giraffe0
2019-07-01red lechwe0
2019-07-01buffalo0
2019-07-01elephant0
2019-07-01giraffe0
2019-10-01red lechwe0
2019-10-01buffalo0
2019-10-01elephant0
2019-10-01giraffe0
2020-01-01red lechwe1,130
2020-01-01buffalo686
2020-01-01elephant380
2020-01-01giraffe77
2020-04-01red lechwe0
2020-04-01buffalo0
2020-04-01elephant0
2020-04-01giraffe0
2020-07-01red lechwe0
2020-07-01buffalo0
2020-07-01elephant0
2020-07-01giraffe0
2020-10-01red lechwe0
2020-10-01buffalo0
2020-10-01elephant0
2020-10-01giraffe0
2021-01-01red lechwe787
2021-01-01buffalo840
2021-01-01elephant316
2021-01-01giraffe104
2021-04-01red lechwe0
2021-04-01buffalo0
2021-04-01elephant0
2021-04-01giraffe0
2021-07-01red lechwe0
2021-07-01buffalo0
2021-07-01elephant0
2021-07-01giraffe0
2021-10-01red lechwe0
2021-10-01buffalo0
2021-10-01elephant0
2021-10-01giraffe0
2022-01-01red lechwe809
2022-01-01buffalo743
2022-01-01elephant298
2022-01-01giraffe77
2022-04-01red lechwe0
2022-04-01buffalo0
2022-04-01elephant0
2022-04-01giraffe0
2022-07-01red lechwe0
2022-07-01buffalo0
2022-07-01elephant0
2022-07-01giraffe0
2022-10-01red lechwe0
2022-10-01buffalo0
2022-10-01elephant0
2022-10-01giraffe0
2023-01-01red lechwe635
2023-01-01buffalo647
2023-01-01elephant303
2023-01-01giraffe95
2023-04-01red lechwe0
2023-04-01buffalo0
2023-04-01elephant0
2023-04-01giraffe0
2023-07-01red lechwe0
2023-07-01buffalo0
2023-07-01elephant0
2023-07-01giraffe0
2023-10-01red lechwe0
2023-10-01buffalo0
2023-10-01elephant0
2023-10-01giraffe0
2024-01-01red lechwe626
2024-01-01buffalo844
2024-01-01elephant382
2024-01-01giraffe96
2024-04-01red lechwe0
2024-04-01buffalo0
2024-04-01elephant0
2024-04-01giraffe0
2024-07-01red lechwe0
2024-07-01buffalo0
2024-07-01elephant0
2024-07-01giraffe0
2024-10-01red lechwe0
2024-10-01buffalo0
2024-10-01elephant0
2024-10-01giraffe0
2025-01-01red lechwe471
2025-01-01buffalo702
2025-01-01elephant321
2025-01-01giraffe96

Figure 31. Emerging hot spots: Wildlife sightings 84

bin_startbin_endcount
-0.658-0.05533119
-0.055330.547326
0.54731.1511
1.151.75314
1.7532.3559
2.3552.9581
2.9583.5611
3.5614.1632
4.1634.7664

Figure 32. Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings 85

periodseriesvalue
2020-01-01elephant9
2020-01-01buffalo9
2020-01-01giraffe5
2020-01-01hippo8
2020-01-01red lechwe9
2020-01-01Other10
2020-04-01elephant18
2020-04-01buffalo12
2020-04-01giraffe3
2020-04-01hippo3
2020-04-01red lechwe5
2020-04-01Other15
2020-07-01elephant22
2020-07-01buffalo14
2020-07-01giraffe14
2020-07-01hippo14
2020-07-01red lechwe10
2020-07-01Other27
2020-10-01elephant22
2020-10-01buffalo9
2020-10-01giraffe13
2020-10-01hippo7
2020-10-01red lechwe9
2020-10-01Other22
2021-01-01elephant18
2021-01-01buffalo11
2021-01-01giraffe9
2021-01-01hippo9
2021-01-01red lechwe4
2021-01-01Other10
2021-04-01elephant22
2021-04-01buffalo13
2021-04-01giraffe16
2021-04-01hippo9
2021-04-01red lechwe8
2021-04-01Other23
2021-07-01elephant25
2021-07-01buffalo19
2021-07-01giraffe11
2021-07-01hippo9
2021-07-01red lechwe17
2021-07-01Other27
2021-10-01elephant28
2021-10-01buffalo11
2021-10-01giraffe8
2021-10-01hippo14
2021-10-01red lechwe5
2021-10-01Other28
2022-01-01elephant22
2022-01-01buffalo12
2022-01-01giraffe4
2022-01-01hippo1
2022-01-01red lechwe5
2022-01-01Other12
2022-04-01elephant26
2022-04-01buffalo13
2022-04-01giraffe10
2022-04-01hippo8
2022-04-01red lechwe10
2022-04-01Other18
2022-07-01elephant33
2022-07-01buffalo22
2022-07-01giraffe11
2022-07-01hippo12
2022-07-01red lechwe11
2022-07-01Other28
2022-10-01elephant31
2022-10-01buffalo12
2022-10-01giraffe15
2022-10-01hippo14
2022-10-01red lechwe13
2022-10-01Other28
2023-01-01elephant23
2023-01-01buffalo7
2023-01-01giraffe10
2023-01-01hippo6
2023-01-01red lechwe6
2023-01-01Other15
2023-04-01elephant15
2023-04-01buffalo7
2023-04-01giraffe11
2023-04-01hippo9
2023-04-01red lechwe8
2023-04-01Other14
2023-07-01elephant35
2023-07-01buffalo22
2023-07-01giraffe10
2023-07-01hippo3
2023-07-01red lechwe7
2023-07-01Other19
2023-10-01elephant36
2023-10-01buffalo15
2023-10-01giraffe18
2023-10-01hippo7
2023-10-01red lechwe9
2023-10-01Other19
2024-01-01elephant19
2024-01-01buffalo6
2024-01-01giraffe3
2024-01-01hippo3
2024-01-01red lechwe5
2024-01-01Other14
2024-04-01elephant21
2024-04-01buffalo7
2024-04-01giraffe10
2024-04-01hippo8
2024-04-01red lechwe7
2024-04-01Other20
2024-07-01elephant33
2024-07-01buffalo19
2024-07-01giraffe4
2024-07-01hippo6
2024-07-01red lechwe4
2024-07-01Other28
2024-10-01elephant21
2024-10-01buffalo8
2024-10-01giraffe11
2024-10-01hippo11
2024-10-01red lechwe10
2024-10-01Other24
2025-01-01elephant17
2025-01-01buffalo10
2025-01-01giraffe9
2025-01-01hippo5
2025-01-01red lechwe8
2025-01-01Other18
2025-04-01elephant19
2025-04-01buffalo12
2025-04-01giraffe8
2025-04-01hippo9
2025-04-01red lechwe7
2025-04-01Other18
2025-07-01elephant29
2025-07-01buffalo21
2025-07-01giraffe9
2025-07-01hippo13
2025-07-01red lechwe15
2025-07-01Other32
2025-10-01elephant26
2025-10-01buffalo19
2025-10-01giraffe10
2025-10-01hippo13
2025-10-01red lechwe6
2025-10-01Other20

Figure 33. Hot spot analysis: Camera traps 86

bin_startbin_endbandband_labelcount
-1.5-1not_significantNot significant2
-1-0.5not_significantNot significant3
00.5not_significantNot significant2
0.51not_significantNot significant2
11.5not_significantNot significant1
1.52not_significantNot significant1

Figure 34. Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings 87

bin_startbin_endbandband_labelcount
-2.5-2cold_95Cold spot, 95% confidence22
-2-1.5cold_90Cold spot, 90% confidence72
-2-1.5cold_95Cold spot, 95% confidence14
-2-1.5not_significantNot significant48
-1.5-1not_significantNot significant206
-1-0.5not_significantNot significant327
-0.50not_significantNot significant306
00.5not_significantNot significant301
0.51not_significantNot significant229
11.5not_significantNot significant235
1.52hot_90Hot spot, 90% confidence79
1.52hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence11
1.52not_significantNot significant49
22.5hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence66
2.53hot_95Hot spot, 95% confidence6
2.53hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence19
33.5hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence6
3.54hot_99Hot spot, 99% confidence4

Figure 35. NDVI change polygons 88

bin_startbin_endcount
1561.9980
561.91,1230
1,1231,6840
1,6842,2450
2,2452,8061
2,8063,3660
3,3663,9271
3,9274,4881
4,4885,0490
5,0495,6100
5,6106,1711

Figure 36. Calculate density: Water points 89

bin_startbin_endcount
7.272e-050.151123
0.15110.302111
0.30210.4538
0.4530.6047
0.6040.7558
0.7550.9065
0.9061.0572
1.0571.2083

Figure 37. Calculate density: Camera traps 90

bin_startbin_endcount
8.135e-060.0467243
0.046720.0934314
0.093430.14017
0.14010.18687
0.18680.23368
0.23360.28036
0.28030.3276
0.3270.37374

Figure 38. Calculate density: Wildlife sightings 91

bin_startbin_endcount
04.923234
4.9239.846263
9.84614.77259
14.7719.69265
19.6924.62262
24.6229.54265
29.5434.46268
34.4639.38265
39.3844.31270
44.3149.23269
49.2354.15268
54.1559.08271
59.0864225

Figure 39. Summarize within: Protected areas 92

bin_startbin_endcount
02.62
2.65.21
5.27.81
7.810.40
10.4131

Figure 40. Summarize within: Protected areas 93

bin_startbin_endcount
13.81
3.86.60
6.69.43
9.412.20
12.2151

Figure 41. Summarize within: Protected areas 94

bin_startbin_endcount
571941
1943311
3314680
4686052
6057421

Figure 42. Find point clusters: Water points 95

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
0251100.0%

Figure 43. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 96

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
011100.0%

Figure 44. Find point clusters: Camera traps 97

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
0340.8585.0%
130.0757.5%
Noise30.0757.5%

Figure 45. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 98

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
010.550.0%
110.550.0%

Figure 46. Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings 99

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
Noise8120.40640.6%
03680.18418.4%
12140.10710.7%
31880.0949.4%
21740.0878.7%
4790.03954.0%
7600.033.0%
6410.02052.1%
5340.0171.7%
8160.0080.8%
9140.0070.7%

Figure 47. Find point clusters: cluster hulls 100

clusterfeaturesfractionshare
010.110.0%
110.110.0%
210.110.0%
310.110.0%
410.110.0%
510.110.0%
610.110.0%
710.110.0%
810.110.0%
910.110.0%

Figure 48. NDVI change polygons 101

bin_startbin_endcount
1561.9980
561.91,1230
1,1231,6840
1,6842,2450
2,2452,8061
2,8063,3660
3,3663,9271
3,9274,4881
4,4885,0490
5,0495,6100
5,6106,1711

Figure 49. Find point clusters: Wildlife sightings over time 102

periodseriesvalue
2020-01-01elephant9
2020-01-01buffalo9
2020-01-01giraffe5
2020-01-01hippo8
2020-01-01red lechwe9
2020-01-01Other10
2020-04-01elephant18
2020-04-01buffalo12
2020-04-01giraffe3
2020-04-01hippo3
2020-04-01red lechwe5
2020-04-01Other15
2020-07-01elephant22
2020-07-01buffalo14
2020-07-01giraffe14
2020-07-01hippo14
2020-07-01red lechwe10
2020-07-01Other27
2020-10-01elephant22
2020-10-01buffalo9
2020-10-01giraffe13
2020-10-01hippo7
2020-10-01red lechwe9
2020-10-01Other22
2021-01-01elephant18
2021-01-01buffalo11
2021-01-01giraffe9
2021-01-01hippo9
2021-01-01red lechwe4
2021-01-01Other10
2021-04-01elephant22
2021-04-01buffalo13
2021-04-01giraffe16
2021-04-01hippo9
2021-04-01red lechwe8
2021-04-01Other23
2021-07-01elephant25
2021-07-01buffalo19
2021-07-01giraffe11
2021-07-01hippo9
2021-07-01red lechwe17
2021-07-01Other27
2021-10-01elephant28
2021-10-01buffalo11
2021-10-01giraffe8
2021-10-01hippo14
2021-10-01red lechwe5
2021-10-01Other28
2022-01-01elephant22
2022-01-01buffalo12
2022-01-01giraffe4
2022-01-01hippo1
2022-01-01red lechwe5
2022-01-01Other12
2022-04-01elephant26
2022-04-01buffalo13
2022-04-01giraffe10
2022-04-01hippo8
2022-04-01red lechwe10
2022-04-01Other18
2022-07-01elephant33
2022-07-01buffalo22
2022-07-01giraffe11
2022-07-01hippo12
2022-07-01red lechwe11
2022-07-01Other28
2022-10-01elephant31
2022-10-01buffalo12
2022-10-01giraffe15
2022-10-01hippo14
2022-10-01red lechwe13
2022-10-01Other28
2023-01-01elephant23
2023-01-01buffalo7
2023-01-01giraffe10
2023-01-01hippo6
2023-01-01red lechwe6
2023-01-01Other15
2023-04-01elephant15
2023-04-01buffalo7
2023-04-01giraffe11
2023-04-01hippo9
2023-04-01red lechwe8
2023-04-01Other14
2023-07-01elephant35
2023-07-01buffalo22
2023-07-01giraffe10
2023-07-01hippo3
2023-07-01red lechwe7
2023-07-01Other19
2023-10-01elephant36
2023-10-01buffalo15
2023-10-01giraffe18
2023-10-01hippo7
2023-10-01red lechwe9
2023-10-01Other19
2024-01-01elephant19
2024-01-01buffalo6
2024-01-01giraffe3
2024-01-01hippo3
2024-01-01red lechwe5
2024-01-01Other14
2024-04-01elephant21
2024-04-01buffalo7
2024-04-01giraffe10
2024-04-01hippo8
2024-04-01red lechwe7
2024-04-01Other20
2024-07-01elephant33
2024-07-01buffalo19
2024-07-01giraffe4
2024-07-01hippo6
2024-07-01red lechwe4
2024-07-01Other28
2024-10-01elephant21
2024-10-01buffalo8
2024-10-01giraffe11
2024-10-01hippo11
2024-10-01red lechwe10
2024-10-01Other24
2025-01-01elephant17
2025-01-01buffalo10
2025-01-01giraffe9
2025-01-01hippo5
2025-01-01red lechwe8
2025-01-01Other18
2025-04-01elephant19
2025-04-01buffalo12
2025-04-01giraffe8
2025-04-01hippo9
2025-04-01red lechwe7
2025-04-01Other18
2025-07-01elephant29
2025-07-01buffalo21
2025-07-01giraffe9
2025-07-01hippo13
2025-07-01red lechwe15
2025-07-01Other32
2025-10-01elephant26
2025-10-01buffalo19
2025-10-01giraffe10
2025-10-01hippo13
2025-10-01red lechwe6
2025-10-01Other20

Figure 50. Hot spot analysis: Wildlife sightings over time 103

periodseriesvalue
2020-01-01not_significant38
2020-01-01hot_956
2020-01-01hot_900
2020-01-01cold_904
2020-01-01cold_951
2020-01-01Other1
2020-04-01not_significant52
2020-04-01hot_951
2020-04-01hot_900
2020-04-01cold_902
2020-04-01cold_950
2020-04-01Other1
2020-07-01not_significant87
2020-07-01hot_954
2020-07-01hot_904
2020-07-01cold_901
2020-07-01cold_954
2020-07-01Other1
2020-10-01not_significant70
2020-10-01hot_950
2020-10-01hot_907
2020-10-01cold_902
2020-10-01cold_953
2020-10-01Other0
2021-01-01not_significant53
2021-01-01hot_953
2021-01-01hot_902
2021-01-01cold_903
2021-01-01cold_950
2021-01-01Other0
2021-04-01not_significant83
2021-04-01hot_951
2021-04-01hot_901
2021-04-01cold_902
2021-04-01cold_953
2021-04-01Other1
2021-07-01not_significant89
2021-07-01hot_956
2021-07-01hot_908
2021-07-01cold_902
2021-07-01cold_951
2021-07-01Other2
2021-10-01not_significant75
2021-10-01hot_956
2021-10-01hot_904
2021-10-01cold_904
2021-10-01cold_954
2021-10-01Other1
2022-01-01not_significant53
2022-01-01hot_953
2022-01-01hot_900
2022-01-01cold_900
2022-01-01cold_950
2022-01-01Other0
2022-04-01not_significant63
2022-04-01hot_955
2022-04-01hot_906
2022-04-01cold_9010
2022-04-01cold_951
2022-04-01Other0
2022-07-01not_significant96
2022-07-01hot_958
2022-07-01hot_907
2022-07-01cold_903
2022-07-01cold_951
2022-07-01Other2
2022-10-01not_significant95
2022-10-01hot_956
2022-10-01hot_904
2022-10-01cold_903
2022-10-01cold_953
2022-10-01Other2
2023-01-01not_significant54
2023-01-01hot_954
2023-01-01hot_900
2023-01-01cold_904
2023-01-01cold_954
2023-01-01Other1
2023-04-01not_significant62
2023-04-01hot_950
2023-04-01hot_900
2023-04-01cold_900
2023-04-01cold_951
2023-04-01Other1
2023-07-01not_significant73
2023-07-01hot_957
2023-07-01hot_906
2023-07-01cold_904
2023-07-01cold_951
2023-07-01Other5
2023-10-01not_significant94
2023-10-01hot_952
2023-10-01hot_901
2023-10-01cold_904
2023-10-01cold_952
2023-10-01Other1
2024-01-01not_significant45
2024-01-01hot_951
2024-01-01hot_902
2024-01-01cold_902
2024-01-01cold_950
2024-01-01Other0
2024-04-01not_significant65
2024-04-01hot_954
2024-04-01hot_901
2024-04-01cold_902
2024-04-01cold_951
2024-04-01Other0
2024-07-01not_significant79
2024-07-01hot_955
2024-07-01hot_904
2024-07-01cold_904
2024-07-01cold_950
2024-07-01Other2
2024-10-01not_significant71
2024-10-01hot_953
2024-10-01hot_906
2024-10-01cold_903
2024-10-01cold_951
2024-10-01Other1
2025-01-01not_significant56
2025-01-01hot_952
2025-01-01hot_906
2025-01-01cold_903
2025-01-01cold_950
2025-01-01Other0
2025-04-01not_significant65
2025-04-01hot_951
2025-04-01hot_902
2025-04-01cold_902
2025-04-01cold_951
2025-04-01Other2
2025-07-01not_significant104
2025-07-01hot_953
2025-07-01hot_902
2025-07-01cold_906
2025-07-01cold_951
2025-07-01Other3
2025-10-01not_significant79
2025-10-01hot_952
2025-10-01hot_906
2025-10-01cold_902
2025-10-01cold_953
2025-10-01Other2

Figure 51. Repeat and near repeat classification: Wildlife sightings over time 104

periodseriesvalue
2020-01-01elephant9
2020-01-01buffalo9
2020-01-01giraffe5
2020-01-01hippo8
2020-01-01red lechwe9
2020-01-01Other10
2020-04-01elephant18
2020-04-01buffalo12
2020-04-01giraffe3
2020-04-01hippo3
2020-04-01red lechwe5
2020-04-01Other15
2020-07-01elephant22
2020-07-01buffalo14
2020-07-01giraffe14
2020-07-01hippo14
2020-07-01red lechwe10
2020-07-01Other27
2020-10-01elephant22
2020-10-01buffalo9
2020-10-01giraffe13
2020-10-01hippo7
2020-10-01red lechwe9
2020-10-01Other22
2021-01-01elephant18
2021-01-01buffalo11
2021-01-01giraffe9
2021-01-01hippo9
2021-01-01red lechwe4
2021-01-01Other10
2021-04-01elephant22
2021-04-01buffalo13
2021-04-01giraffe16
2021-04-01hippo9
2021-04-01red lechwe8
2021-04-01Other23
2021-07-01elephant25
2021-07-01buffalo19
2021-07-01giraffe11
2021-07-01hippo9
2021-07-01red lechwe17
2021-07-01Other27
2021-10-01elephant28
2021-10-01buffalo11
2021-10-01giraffe8
2021-10-01hippo14
2021-10-01red lechwe5
2021-10-01Other28
2022-01-01elephant22
2022-01-01buffalo12
2022-01-01giraffe4
2022-01-01hippo1
2022-01-01red lechwe5
2022-01-01Other12
2022-04-01elephant26
2022-04-01buffalo13
2022-04-01giraffe10
2022-04-01hippo8
2022-04-01red lechwe10
2022-04-01Other18
2022-07-01elephant33
2022-07-01buffalo22
2022-07-01giraffe11
2022-07-01hippo12
2022-07-01red lechwe11
2022-07-01Other28
2022-10-01elephant31
2022-10-01buffalo12
2022-10-01giraffe15
2022-10-01hippo14
2022-10-01red lechwe13
2022-10-01Other28
2023-01-01elephant23
2023-01-01buffalo7
2023-01-01giraffe10
2023-01-01hippo6
2023-01-01red lechwe6
2023-01-01Other15
2023-04-01elephant15
2023-04-01buffalo7
2023-04-01giraffe11
2023-04-01hippo9
2023-04-01red lechwe8
2023-04-01Other14
2023-07-01elephant35
2023-07-01buffalo22
2023-07-01giraffe10
2023-07-01hippo3
2023-07-01red lechwe7
2023-07-01Other19
2023-10-01elephant36
2023-10-01buffalo15
2023-10-01giraffe18
2023-10-01hippo7
2023-10-01red lechwe9
2023-10-01Other19
2024-01-01elephant19
2024-01-01buffalo6
2024-01-01giraffe3
2024-01-01hippo3
2024-01-01red lechwe5
2024-01-01Other14
2024-04-01elephant21
2024-04-01buffalo7
2024-04-01giraffe10
2024-04-01hippo8
2024-04-01red lechwe7
2024-04-01Other20
2024-07-01elephant33
2024-07-01buffalo19
2024-07-01giraffe4
2024-07-01hippo6
2024-07-01red lechwe4
2024-07-01Other28
2024-10-01elephant21
2024-10-01buffalo8
2024-10-01giraffe11
2024-10-01hippo11
2024-10-01red lechwe10
2024-10-01Other24
2025-01-01elephant17
2025-01-01buffalo10
2025-01-01giraffe9
2025-01-01hippo5
2025-01-01red lechwe8
2025-01-01Other18
2025-04-01elephant19
2025-04-01buffalo12
2025-04-01giraffe8
2025-04-01hippo9
2025-04-01red lechwe7
2025-04-01Other18
2025-07-01elephant29
2025-07-01buffalo21
2025-07-01giraffe9
2025-07-01hippo13
2025-07-01red lechwe15
2025-07-01Other32
2025-10-01elephant26
2025-10-01buffalo19
2025-10-01giraffe10
2025-10-01hippo13
2025-10-01red lechwe6
2025-10-01Other20

GeoBit Large Spatial Model. Findings are labeled Evidenced (computed by a tool), Inferred (a reading or reasoning) or Unverified (no evidence yet).

The data

The files this sample uploads: synthetic data generated at a real place. Download any of them and add them to a project of your own.

DatasetKindRowsTime spanFile
Protected areas
Concessions, reserves and community areas.
vector, Polygon5protected_areas.geojson
Wildlife sightings
Sightings with species and group size from rangers, guides and camera traps. Dated by observed_at (minute).
vector, Point2,0002020-01-03
to 2025-12-30
wildlife_sightings.geojson
River channels
Main and seasonal channels.
vector, LineString2river_channels.geojson
Camera traps
Camera trap stations.
vector, Point40camera_traps.geojson
Patrol tracks
Anti-poaching patrol tracks by day. Dated by date (day).
vector, LineString1502024-01-12
to 2025-12-28
patrol_tracks.geojson
Water points
Pans, boreholes and lagoons.
vector, Point25water_points.geojson
Habitat scene 2020-09-15
A 4-band habitat scene (blue, green, red, near infrared) at 40 m. Acquired 2020-09-15.
raster2020-09-15habitat_2020-09-15.tif
Habitat scene 2025-09-15
A 4-band habitat scene (blue, green, red, near infrared) at 40 m. Acquired 2025-09-15.
raster2025-09-15habitat_2025-09-15.tif
Patrol effort by month
Monthly patrol effort and results per protected area (joins to Protected areas on area_code). Dated by month (month).
table1202024-01-01
to 2025-12-01
patrol_effort_monthly.csv
Transect counts by year
Yearly aerial transect counts per species. Dated by year (year).
table2562018-01-01
to 2025-01-01
transect_counts.csv
Annual wildlife monitoring report
A report naming protected areas, channels and the den position.
documentmonitoring_report.md, monitoring_report.pdf

What the data was built to show

  • Wild dog sightings cluster at the den near -19.77328, 23.32099.
  • Elephants, buffalo and lechwe concentrate along the channels in the dry season (July to October).
  • Between the 2020 and 2025 scenes the floodplain shrinks and woodland is cleared on the western edge (imagery change).
  • Red lechwe transect counts fall every year.

Expected analysis families: imagery, space_time, hot_spots, density, aggregation.

How the product read each dataset

The profile written when the data was added, before Start; no model call is needed for it.

  • Protected areas: 5 polygon (area) features; 'area_km2' 2.5 to 42 (mean 24.5); 'established' 1,963 to 2,019 (mean 2003); named by 'name' (e.g. Northern wildlife concession, Delta game reserve, Community trust area); total area 122.5 km2; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541.
  • Wildlife sightings: 2,000 point features; dated by 'observed_at' from 2020-01-03 to 2025-12-30; 'species' has 9 values (top: elephant 570, buffalo 310, giraffe 232); 'observer' has 4 values (top: researcher 525, ranger 512, guide 498); 'count' 1 to 47 (mean 10.29); extent 23.2929,-19.8447 to 23.4072,-19.7547.
  • River channels: 2 line features; named by 'name' (e.g. Main channel, Southern channel); total length 31.87 km; extent 23.2927,-19.8258 to 23.4074,-19.7811.
  • Camera traps: 40 point features; 'working' has 2 values (top: True 34, False 6); 'installed_year' 2,020 to 2,020 (mean 2020); named by 'name' (e.g. Camera trap 01, Camera trap 02, Camera trap 03); extent 23.2940,-19.8426 to 23.4047,-19.7566.
  • Patrol tracks: 150 line features; dated by 'date' from 2024-01-12 to 2025-12-28; 'team' has 3 values (top: Alpha 63, Charlie 46, Bravo 41); 'snares_found' 0 to 4 (mean 0.9067); total length 985.6 km; extent 23.2921,-19.8472 to 23.4085,-19.7533.
  • Water points: 25 point features; 'type' has 3 values (top: borehole 10, pan 8, lagoon 7); 'permanent' has 2 values (top: True 14, False 11); extent 23.2942,-19.8258 to 23.3495,-19.7772.
  • Habitat scene 2020-09-15: 4-band float32 raster (imagery), 300 x 250 cells; resolution 40; band 1 0.009 to 0.079; acquired 2020-09-15; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541.
  • Habitat scene 2025-09-15: 4-band float32 raster (imagery), 300 x 250 cells; resolution 40; band 1 0.007 to 0.182; acquired 2025-09-15; extent 23.2921,-19.8459 to 23.4079,-19.7541.
  • Patrol effort by month: Table of 120 rows and 5 columns without geometry; dated by 'month' from 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-01; 'area_code' has 5 values (top: PA1 24, PA2 24, PA3 24); 'patrol_km' 130 to 707 (mean 338.4); 'snares_removed' 0 to 7 (mean 1.275); 'carcasses_found' 0 to 3 (mean 0.425).
  • Transect counts by year: Table of 256 rows and 4 columns without geometry; dated by 'year' from 2018-01-01 to 2025-01-01; 'species' has 4 values (top: elephant 64, buffalo 64, red lechwe 64); 'count' 6 to 287 (mean 61.94).
  • Annual wildlife monitoring report: 1-page md document 'Annual wildlife monitoring report 2025'; language en; mentions 4 place(s): Community trust area (2), Northern wildlife concession (1), -19.77328, 23.32099 (1), Main channel (1).

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